Improve the RL learning process by selecting random start point for the agent, it can help to block the agent to only learn on the selected period of time, while improving the quality of the model.
_update_total_profit() must be executed before "self._position = Positions.Neutral" because _update_total_profit() calls get_unrealized_profit(), which returns 0 if position is neutral and total_profit is not updated
* Allow use of --strategy-list with freqai, with warning
* ensure populate_any_indicators is identical for resused identifiers
* use pair instead of metadata["pair"]
Co-authored-by: robcaulk <rob.caulk@gmail.com>
Now that a recent bug regarding selling BNB is fixed, it should be safe to trade it, but with a warning that the user may have to manually maintain extra BNB.
Also the old text implied those features are always unabled so this texts makes it clear those fee-related features can be also disabled.
I'm not sure if it's still true that an "eaten by fees" position becomes unsellable but I left that as it is.
Apparently, cachetools is (intentionally) not threadsafe
when using the Caches directly.
It's therefore recommended to wrap these with an explicit lock to avoid
problems.
source: https://github.com/tkem/cachetools/issues/245closes#7215
Added two optional arguments for whitelist - `sorted` for alphabetical order and `nobase` for displaying the whitelist without base currency e.g. /USDT.
Updated help with optional commands.
Added a space in an unrelated help message.
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ Please read the [exchange specific notes](docs/exchanges.md) to learn about even
- [X] [Binance](https://www.binance.com/)
- [X] [Bittrex](https://bittrex.com/)
- [X] [FTX](https://ftx.com/#a=2258149)
- [X] [Gate.io](https://www.gate.io/ref/6266643)
- [X] [Huobi](http://huobi.com/)
- [X] [Kraken](https://kraken.com/)
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ Please read the [exchange specific notes](docs/exchanges.md) to learn about even
- [X] [Binance](https://www.binance.com/)
- [X] [Gate.io](https://www.gate.io/ref/6266643)
- [X] [OKX](https://okx.com/).
- [X] [OKX](https://okx.com/)
Please make sure to read the [exchange specific notes](docs/exchanges.md), as well as the [trading with leverage](docs/leverage.md) documentation before diving in.
@@ -63,6 +62,7 @@ Please find the complete documentation on the [freqtrade website](https://www.fr
- [x]**Dry-run**: Run the bot without paying money.
- [x]**Backtesting**: Run a simulation of your buy/sell strategy.
- [x]**Strategy Optimization by machine learning**: Use machine learning to optimize your buy/sell strategy parameters with real exchange data.
- [X]**Adaptive prediction modeling**: Build a smart strategy with FreqAI that self-trains to the market via adaptive machine learning methods. [Learn more](https://www.freqtrade.io/en/stable/freqai/)
- [x]**Edge position sizing** Calculate your win rate, risk reward ratio, the best stoploss and adjust your position size before taking a position for each specific market. [Learn more](https://www.freqtrade.io/en/stable/edge/).
- [x]**Whitelist crypto-currencies**: Select which crypto-currency you want to trade or use dynamic whitelists.
- [x]**Blacklist crypto-currencies**: Select which crypto-currency you want to avoid.
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ Telegram is not mandatory. However, this is a great way to control your bot. Mor
-`/start`: Starts the trader.
-`/stop`: Stops the trader.
-`/stopbuy`: Stop entering new trades.
-`/stopentry`: Stop entering new trades.
-`/status <trade_id>|[table]`: Lists all or specific open trades.
-`/profit [<n>]`: Lists cumulative profit from all finished trades, over the last n days.
-`/forceexit <trade_id>|all`: Instantly exits the given trade (Ignoring `minimum_roi`).
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ Issues labeled [good first issue](https://github.com/freqtrade/freqtrade/labels/
The clock must be accurate, synchronized to a NTP server very frequently to avoid problems with communication to the exchanges.
### Min hardware required
### Minimum hardware required
To run this bot we recommend you a cloud instance with a minimum of:
@@ -77,6 +78,8 @@ This function needs to return a floating point number (`float`). Smaller numbers
To override a pre-defined space (`roi_space`, `generate_roi_table`, `stoploss_space`, `trailing_space`), define a nested class called Hyperopt and define the required spaces as follows:
```python
from freqtrade.optimize.space import Categorical, Dimension, Integer, SKDecimal
class MyAwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
class HyperOpt:
# Define a custom stoploss space.
@@ -93,6 +96,33 @@ class MyAwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
Now you have good Buy and Sell strategies and some historic data, you want to test it against
Now you have good Entry and exit strategies and some historic data, you want to test it against
real data. This is what we call [backtesting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backtesting).
Backtesting will use the crypto-currencies (pairs) from your config file and load historical candle (OHLCV) data from `user_data/data/<exchange>` by default.
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ Sometimes your account has certain fee rebates (fee reductions starting with a c
To account for this in backtesting, you can use the `--fee` command line option to supply this value to backtesting.
This fee must be a ratio, and will be applied twice (once for trade entry, and once for trade exit).
For example, if the buying and selling commission fee is 0.1% (i.e., 0.001 written as ratio), then you would run backtesting as the following:
For example, if the commission fee per order is 0.1% (i.e., 0.001 written as ratio), then you would run backtesting as the following:
```bash
freqtrade backtesting --fee 0.001
@@ -252,41 +252,41 @@ The most important in the backtesting is to understand the result.
@@ -300,6 +300,7 @@ A backtesting result will look like that:
| Absolute profit | 0.00762792 BTC |
| Total profit % | 76.2% |
| CAGR % | 460.87% |
| Profit factor | 1.11 |
| Avg. stake amount | 0.001 BTC |
| Total trade volume | 0.429 BTC |
| | |
@@ -355,7 +356,7 @@ The column `Avg Profit %` shows the average profit for all trades made while the
The column `Tot Profit %` shows instead the total profit % in relation to the starting balance.
In the above results, we have a starting balance of 0.01 BTC and an absolute profit of 0.00762792 BTC - so the `Tot Profit %` will be `(0.00762792 / 0.01) * 100 ~= 76.2%`.
Your strategy performance is influenced by your buy strategy, your exit strategy, and also by the `minimal_roi` and `stop_loss` you have set.
Your strategy performance is influenced by your entry strategy, your exit strategy, and also by the `minimal_roi` and `stop_loss` you have set.
For example, if your `minimal_roi` is only `"0": 0.01` you cannot expect the bot to make more profit than 1% (because it will exit every time a trade reaches 1%).
@@ -399,6 +400,7 @@ It contains some useful key metrics about performance of your strategy on backte
| Absolute profit | 0.00762792 BTC |
| Total profit % | 76.2% |
| CAGR % | 460.87% |
| Profit factor | 1.11 |
| Avg. stake amount | 0.001 BTC |
| Total trade volume | 0.429 BTC |
| | |
@@ -444,6 +446,8 @@ It contains some useful key metrics about performance of your strategy on backte
-`Final balance`: Final balance - starting balance + absolute profit.
-`Absolute profit`: Profit made in stake currency.
-`Total profit %`: Total profit. Aligned to the `TOTAL` row's `Tot Profit %` from the first table. Calculated as `(End capital − Starting capital) / Starting capital`.
-`CAGR %`: Compound annual growth rate.
-`Profit factor`: profit / loss.
-`Avg. stake amount`: Average stake amount, either `stake_amount` or the average when using dynamic stake amount.
-`Total trade volume`: Volume generated on the exchange to reach the above profit.
-`Best Pair` / `Worst Pair`: Best and worst performing pair, and it's corresponding `Cum Profit %`.
@@ -510,20 +514,21 @@ You can then load the trades to perform further analysis as shown in the [data a
Since backtesting lacks some detailed information about what happens within a candle, it needs to take a few assumptions:
- Buys happen at open-price
- Exchange [trading limits](#trading-limits-in-backtesting) are respected
- Entries happen at open-price
- All orders are filled at the requested price (no slippage, no unfilled orders)
- Exit-signal exits happen at open-price of the consecutive candle
- Exit-signal is favored over Stoploss, because exit-signals are assumed to trigger on candle's open
- ROI
- exits are compared to high - but the ROI value is used (e.g. ROI = 2%, high=5% - so the exit will be at 2%)
- exits are never "below the candle", so a ROI of 2% may result in a exit at 2.4% if low was at 2.4% profit
- Forceexits caused by `<N>=-1` ROI entries use low as exit value, unless N falls on the candle open (e.g. `120: -1` for 1h candles)
- Force-exits caused by `<N>=-1` ROI entries use low as exit value, unless N falls on the candle open (e.g. `120: -1` for 1h candles)
- Stoploss exits happen exactly at stoploss price, even if low was lower, but the loss will be `2 * fees` higher than the stoploss price
- Stoploss is evaluated before ROI within one candle. So you can often see more trades with the `stoploss` exit reason comparing to the results obtained with the same strategy in the Dry Run/Live Trade modes
- Low happens before high for stoploss, protecting capital first
- Trailing stoploss
- Trailing Stoploss is only adjusted if it's below the candle's low (otherwise it would be triggered)
- On trade entry candles that trigger trailing stoploss, the "minimum offset" (`stop_positive_offset`) is assumed (instead of high) - and the stop is calculated from this point
- On trade entry candles that trigger trailing stoploss, the "minimum offset" (`stop_positive_offset`) is assumed (instead of high) - and the stop is calculated from this point. This rule is NOT applicable to custom-stoploss scenarios, since there's no information about the stoploss logic available.
- High happens first - adjusting stoploss
- Low uses the adjusted stoploss (so exits with large high-low difference are backtested correctly)
- ROI applies before trailing-stop, ensuring profits are "top-capped" at ROI if both ROI and trailing stop applies
@@ -539,7 +544,32 @@ Also, keep in mind that past results don't guarantee future success.
In addition to the above assumptions, strategy authors should carefully read the [Common Mistakes](strategy-customization.md#common-mistakes-when-developing-strategies) section, to avoid using data in backtesting which is not available in real market conditions.
### Improved backtest accuracy
### Trading limits in backtesting
Exchanges have certain trading limits, like minimum (and maximum) base currency, or minimum/maximum stake (quote) currency.
These limits are usually listed in the exchange documentation as "trading rules" or similar and can be quite different between different pairs.
Backtesting (as well as live and dry-run) does honor these limits, and will ensure that a stoploss can be placed below this value - so the value will be slightly higher than what the exchange specifies.
Freqtrade has however no information about historic limits.
This can lead to situations where trading-limits are inflated by using a historic price, resulting in minimum amounts > 50$.
For example:
BTC minimum tradable amount is 0.001.
BTC trades at 22.000\$ today (0.001 BTC is related to this) - but the backtesting period includes prices as high as 50.000\$.
Today's minimum would be `0.001 * 22_000` - or 22\$.
However the limit could also be 50$ - based on `0.001 * 50_000` in some historic setting.
#### Trading precision limits
Most exchanges pose precision limits on both price and amounts, so you cannot buy 1.0020401 of a pair, or at a price of 1.24567123123.
Instead, these prices and amounts will be rounded or truncated (based on the exchange definition) to the defined trading precision.
The above values may for example be rounded to an amount of 1.002, and a price of 1.24567.
These precision values are based on current exchange limits (as described in the [above section](#trading-limits-in-backtesting)), as historic precision limits are not available.
## Improved backtest accuracy
One big limitation of backtesting is it's inability to know how prices moved intra-candle (was high before close, or viceversa?).
So assuming you run backtesting with a 1h timeframe, there will be 4 prices for that candle (Open, High, Low, Close).
@@ -553,7 +583,8 @@ To utilize this, you can append `--timeframe-detail 5m` to your regular backtest
This will load 1h data as well as 5m data for the timeframe. The strategy will be analyzed with the 1h timeframe - and for every "open trade candle" (candles where a trade is open) the 5m data will be used to simulate intra-candle movements.
This will load 1h data as well as 5m data for the timeframe. The strategy will be analyzed with the 1h timeframe, and Entry orders will only be placed at the main timeframe, however Order fills and exit signals will be evaluated at the 5m candle, simulating intra-candle movements.
All callback functions (`custom_exit()`, `custom_stoploss()`, ... ) will be running for each 5m candle once the trade is opened (so 12 times in the above example of 1h timeframe, and 5m detailed timeframe).
`--timeframe-detail` must be smaller than the original timeframe, otherwise backtesting will fail to start.
@@ -582,11 +613,11 @@ There will be an additional table comparing win/losses of the different strategi
Detailed output for all strategies one after the other will be available, so make sure to scroll up to see the details per strategy.
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@ All profit calculations of Freqtrade include fees. For Backtesting / Hyperopt /
## Bot execution logic
Starting freqtrade in dry-run or live mode (using `freqtrade trade`) will start the bot and start the bot iteration loop.
By default, loop runs every few seconds (`internals.process_throttle_secs`) and does roughly the following in the following sequence:
This will also run the `bot_start()` callback.
By default, the bot loop runs every few seconds (`internals.process_throttle_secs`) and performs the following actions:
* Fetch open trades from persistence.
* Calculate current list of tradable pairs.
@@ -54,6 +56,7 @@ This loop will be repeated again and again until the bot is stopped.
[backtesting](backtesting.md) or [hyperopt](hyperopt.md) do only part of the above logic, since most of the trading operations are fully simulated.
* Load historic data for configured pairlist.
* Calls `bot_start()` once.
* Calls `bot_loop_start()` once.
* Calculate indicators (calls `populate_indicators()` once per pair).
* Calculate entry / exit signals (calls `populate_entry_trend()` and `populate_exit_trend()` once per pair).
@@ -67,7 +70,7 @@ This loop will be repeated again and again until the bot is stopped.
* Determine stake size by calling the `custom_stake_amount()` callback.
* Check position adjustments for open trades if enabled and call `adjust_trade_position()` to determine if an additional order is requested.
* Call `custom_stoploss()` and `custom_exit()` to find custom exit points.
* For exits based on exit-signal and custom-exit: Call `custom_exit_price()` to determine exit price (Prices are moved to be within the closing candle).
* For exits based on exit-signal, custom-exit and partial exits: Call `custom_exit_price()` to determine exit price (Prices are moved to be within the closing candle).
@@ -58,9 +58,20 @@ This is similar to using multiple `--config` parameters, but simpler in usage as
!!! Tip "Use multiple configuration files to keep secrets secret"
You can use a 2nd configuration file containing your secrets. That way you can share your "primary" configuration file, while still keeping your API keys for yourself.
The 2nd file should only specify what you intend to override.
If a key is in more than one of the configurations, then the "last specified configuration" wins (in the above example, `config-private.json`).
For one-off commands, you can also use the below syntax by specifying multiple "--config" parameters.
This is equivalent to the example above - but `config-private.json` is specified as cli argument.
??? Note "config collision handling"
If the same configuration setting takes place in both `config.json` and `config-import.json`, then the parent configuration wins.
In the below case, `max_open_trades` would be 3 after the merging - as the reusable "import" configuration has this key overwritten.
@@ -105,17 +105,22 @@ This is similar to using multiple `--config` parameters, but simpler in usage as
``` json title="Result"
{
"max_open_trades": 10,
"max_open_trades": 3,
"stake_currency": "USDT",
"stake_amount": "unlimited"
}
```
If multiple files are in the `add_config_files` section, then they will be assumed to be at identical levels, having the last occurrence override the earlier config (unless a parent already defined such a key).
## Configuration parameters
The table below will list all configuration parameters available.
Freqtrade can also load many options via command line (CLI) arguments (check out the commands `--help` output for details).
### Configuration option prevalence
The prevalence for all Options is as follows:
- CLI arguments override any other option
@@ -123,6 +128,8 @@ The prevalence for all Options is as follows:
- Configuration files are used in sequence (the last file wins) and override Strategy configurations.
- Strategy configurations are only used if they are not set via configuration or command-line arguments. These options are marked with [Strategy Override](#parameters-in-the-strategy) in the below table.
### Parameters table
Mandatory parameters are marked as **Required**, which means that they are required to be set in one of the possible ways.
| Parameter | Description |
@@ -135,7 +142,7 @@ Mandatory parameters are marked as **Required**, which means that they are requi
| `amend_last_stake_amount` | Use reduced last stake amount if necessary. [More information below](#configuring-amount-per-trade). <br>*Defaults to `false`.* <br> **Datatype:** Boolean
| `last_stake_amount_min_ratio` | Defines minimum stake amount that has to be left and executed. Applies only to the last stake amount when it's amended to a reduced value (i.e. if `amend_last_stake_amount` is set to `true`). [More information below](#configuring-amount-per-trade). <br>*Defaults to `0.5`.* <br> **Datatype:** Float (as ratio)
| `amount_reserve_percent` | Reserve some amount in min pair stake amount. The bot will reserve `amount_reserve_percent` + stoploss value when calculating min pair stake amount in order to avoid possible trade refusals. <br>*Defaults to `0.05` (5%).* <br> **Datatype:** Positive Float as ratio.
| `timeframe` | The timeframe to use (e.g `1m`, `5m`, `15m`, `30m`, `1h` ...). [Strategy Override](#parameters-in-the-strategy). <br> **Datatype:** String
| `timeframe` | The timeframe to use (e.g `1m`, `5m`, `15m`, `30m`, `1h` ...). Usually missing in configuration, and specified in the strategy. [Strategy Override](#parameters-in-the-strategy). <br> **Datatype:** String
| `fiat_display_currency` | Fiat currency used to show your profits. [More information below](#what-values-can-be-used-for-fiat_display_currency). <br> **Datatype:** String
| `dry_run` | **Required.** Define if the bot must be in Dry Run or production mode. <br>*Defaults to `true`.* <br> **Datatype:** Boolean
| `dry_run_wallet` | Define the starting amount in stake currency for the simulated wallet used by the bot running in Dry Run mode.<br>*Defaults to `1000`.* <br> **Datatype:** Float
@@ -148,13 +155,16 @@ Mandatory parameters are marked as **Required**, which means that they are requi
| `trailing_stop_positive_offset` | Offset on when to apply `trailing_stop_positive`. Percentage value which should be positive. More details in the [stoploss documentation](stoploss.md#trailing-stop-loss-only-once-the-trade-has-reached-a-certain-offset). [Strategy Override](#parameters-in-the-strategy). <br>*Defaults to `0.0` (no offset).* <br> **Datatype:** Float
| `trailing_only_offset_is_reached` | Only apply trailing stoploss when the offset is reached. [stoploss documentation](stoploss.md). [Strategy Override](#parameters-in-the-strategy). <br>*Defaults to `false`.* <br> **Datatype:** Boolean
| `fee` | Fee used during backtesting / dry-runs. Should normally not be configured, which has freqtrade fall back to the exchange default fee. Set as ratio (e.g. 0.001 = 0.1%). Fee is applied twice for each trade, once when buying, once when selling. <br> **Datatype:** Float (as ratio)
| `futures_funding_rate` | User-specified funding rate to be used when historical funding rates are not available from the exchange. This does not overwrite real historical rates. It is recommended that this be set to 0 unless you are testing a specific coin and you understand how the funding rate will affect freqtrade's profit calculations. [More information here](leverage.md#unavailable-funding-rates) <br>*Defaults to None.*<br> **Datatype:** Float
| `trading_mode` | Specifies if you want to trade regularly, trade with leverage, or trade contracts whose prices are derived from matching cryptocurrency prices. [leverage documentation](leverage.md). <br>*Defaults to `"spot"`.* <br> **Datatype:** String
| `margin_mode` | When trading with leverage, this determines if the collateral owned by the trader will be shared or isolated to each trading pair [leverage documentation](leverage.md). <br> **Datatype:** String
| `liquidation_buffer` | A ratio specifying how large of a safety net to place between the liquidation price and the stoploss to prevent a position from reaching the liquidation price [leverage documentation](leverage.md). <br>*Defaults to `0.05`.* <br> **Datatype:** Float
| | **Unfilled timeout**
| `unfilledtimeout.entry` | **Required.** How long (in minutes or seconds) the bot will wait for an unfilled entry order to complete, after which the order will be cancelled and repeated at current (new) price, as long as there is a signal. [Strategy Override](#parameters-in-the-strategy).<br> **Datatype:** Integer
| `unfilledtimeout.exit` | **Required.** How long (in minutes or seconds) the bot will wait for an unfilled exit order to complete, after which the order will be cancelled and repeated at current (new) price, as long as there is a signal. [Strategy Override](#parameters-in-the-strategy).<br> **Datatype:** Integer
| `unfilledtimeout.unit` | Unit to use in unfilledtimeout setting. Note: If you set unfilledtimeout.unit to "seconds", "internals.process_throttle_secs" must be inferior or equal to timeout [Strategy Override](#parameters-in-the-strategy). <br> *Defaults to `minutes`.* <br> **Datatype:** String
| `unfilledtimeout.exit_timeout_count` | How many times can exit orders time out. Once this number of timeouts is reached, an emergency exit is triggered. 0 to disable and allow unlimited order cancels. [Strategy Override](#parameters-in-the-strategy).<br>*Defaults to `0`.* <br> **Datatype:** Integer
| | **Pricing**
| `entry_pricing.price_side` | Select the side of the spread the bot should look at to get the entry rate. [More information below](#buy-price-side).<br> *Defaults to `same`.* <br> **Datatype:** String (either `ask`, `bid`, `same` or `other`).
| `entry_pricing.price_last_balance` | **Required.** Interpolate the bidding price. More information [below](#entry-price-without-orderbook-enabled).
| `entry_pricing.use_order_book` | Enable entering using the rates in [Order Book Entry](#entry-price-with-orderbook-enabled). <br> *Defaults to `True`.*<br> **Datatype:** Boolean
@@ -165,6 +175,8 @@ Mandatory parameters are marked as **Required**, which means that they are requi
| `exit_pricing.price_last_balance` | Interpolate the exiting price. More information [below](#exit-price-without-orderbook-enabled).
| `exit_pricing.use_order_book` | Enable exiting of open trades using [Order Book Exit](#exit-price-with-orderbook-enabled). <br> *Defaults to `True`.*<br> **Datatype:** Boolean
| `exit_pricing.order_book_top` | Bot will use the top N rate in Order Book "price_side" to exit. I.e. a value of 2 will allow the bot to pick the 2nd ask rate in [Order Book Exit](#exit-price-with-orderbook-enabled)<br>*Defaults to `1`.* <br> **Datatype:** Positive Integer
| `custom_price_max_distance_ratio` | Configure maximum distance ratio between current and custom entry or exit price. <br>*Defaults to `0.02` 2%).*<br> **Datatype:** Positive float
| | **TODO**
| `use_exit_signal` | Use exit signals produced by the strategy in addition to the `minimal_roi`. [Strategy Override](#parameters-in-the-strategy). <br>*Defaults to `true`.* <br> **Datatype:** Boolean
| `exit_profit_only` | Wait until the bot reaches `exit_profit_offset` before taking an exit decision. [Strategy Override](#parameters-in-the-strategy). <br>*Defaults to `false`.* <br> **Datatype:** Boolean
| `exit_profit_offset` | Exit-signal is only active above this value. Only active in combination with `exit_profit_only=True`. [Strategy Override](#parameters-in-the-strategy). <br>*Defaults to `0.0`.* <br> **Datatype:** Float (as ratio)
@@ -172,8 +184,9 @@ Mandatory parameters are marked as **Required**, which means that they are requi
| `ignore_buying_expired_candle_after` | Specifies the number of seconds until a buy signal is no longer used. <br> **Datatype:** Integer
| `order_types` | Configure order-types depending on the action (`"entry"`, `"exit"`, `"stoploss"`, `"stoploss_on_exchange"`). [More information below](#understand-order_types). [Strategy Override](#parameters-in-the-strategy).<br> **Datatype:** Dict
| `order_time_in_force` | Configure time in force for entry and exit orders. [More information below](#understand-order_time_in_force). [Strategy Override](#parameters-in-the-strategy). <br> **Datatype:** Dict
| `custom_price_max_distance_ratio` | Configure maximum distance ratio between current and custom entry or exit price. <br>*Defaults to `0.02` 2%).*<br> **Datatype:** Positive float
| `recursive_strategy_search` | Set to `true` to recursively search sub-directories inside `user_data/strategies` for a strategy. <br> **Datatype:** Boolean
| `position_adjustment_enable` | Enables the strategy to use position adjustments (additional buys or sells). [More information here](strategy-callbacks.md#adjust-trade-position). <br> [Strategy Override](#parameters-in-the-strategy). <br>*Defaults to `false`.*<br> **Datatype:** Boolean
| `max_entry_position_adjustment` | Maximum additional order(s) for each open trade on top of the first entry Order. Set it to `-1` for unlimited additional orders. [More information here](strategy-callbacks.md#adjust-trade-position). <br> [Strategy Override](#parameters-in-the-strategy). <br>*Defaults to `-1`.*<br> **Datatype:** Positive Integer or -1
| | **Exchange**
| `exchange.name` | **Required.** Name of the exchange class to use. [List below](#user-content-what-values-for-exchangename). <br> **Datatype:** String
| `exchange.sandbox` | Use the 'sandbox' version of the exchange, where the exchange provides a sandbox for risk-free integration. See [here](sandbox-testing.md) in more details.<br> **Datatype:** Boolean
| `exchange.key` | API key to use for the exchange. Only required when you are in production mode.<br>**Keep it in secret, do not disclose publicly.** <br> **Datatype:** String
@@ -190,47 +203,57 @@ Mandatory parameters are marked as **Required**, which means that they are requi
| `exchange.skip_open_order_update` | Skips open order updates on startup should the exchange cause problems. Only relevant in live conditions.<br>*Defaults to `false`<br> **Datatype:** Boolean
| `exchange.unknown_fee_rate` | Fallback value to use when calculating trading fees. This can be useful for exchanges which have fees in non-tradable currencies. The value provided here will be multiplied with the "fee cost".<br>*Defaults to `None`<br> **Datatype:** float
| `exchange.log_responses` | Log relevant exchange responses. For debug mode only - use with care.<br>*Defaults to `false`<br> **Datatype:** Boolean
| `edge.*` | Please refer to [edge configuration document](edge.md) for detailed explanation.
| `experimental.block_bad_exchanges` | Block exchanges known to not work with freqtrade. Leave on default unless you want to test if that exchange works now. <br>*Defaults to `true`.* <br> **Datatype:** Boolean
| | **Plugins**
| `edge.*` | Please refer to [edge configuration document](edge.md) for detailed explanation of all possible configuration options.
| `pairlists` | Define one or more pairlists to be used. [More information](plugins.md#pairlists-and-pairlist-handlers). <br>*Defaults to `StaticPairList`.* <br> **Datatype:** List of Dicts
| `protections` | Define one or more protections to be used. [More information](plugins.md#protections). <br> **Datatype:** List of Dicts
| | **Telegram**
| `telegram.enabled` | Enable the usage of Telegram. <br> **Datatype:** Boolean
| `telegram.token` | Your Telegram bot token. Only required if `telegram.enabled` is `true`. <br>**Keep it in secret, do not disclose publicly.** <br> **Datatype:** String
| `telegram.chat_id` | Your personal Telegram account id. Only required if `telegram.enabled` is `true`. <br>**Keep it in secret, do not disclose publicly.** <br> **Datatype:** String
| `telegram.balance_dust_level` | Dust-level (in stake currency) - currencies with a balance below this will not be shown by `/balance`. <br> **Datatype:** float
| `telegram.reload` | Allow "reload" buttons on telegram messages. <br>*Defaults to `True`.<br> **Datatype:** boolean
| `telegram.notification_settings.*` | Detailed notification settings. Refer to the [telegram documentation](telegram-usage.md) for details.<br> **Datatype:** dictionary
| `telegram.allow_custom_messages` | Enable the sending of Telegram messages from strategies via the dataprovider.send_msg() function. <br> **Datatype:** Boolean
| `webhook.url` | URL for the webhook. Only required if `webhook.enabled` is `true`. See the [webhook documentation](webhook-config.md) for more details. <br> **Datatype:** String
| `webhook.webhookentry` | Payload to send on entry. Only required if `webhook.enabled` is `true`. See the [webhook documentation](webhook-config.md) for more details. <br> **Datatype:** String
| `webhook.webhookentrycancel` | Payload to send on entry order cancel. Only required if `webhook.enabled` is `true`. See the [webhook documentation](webhook-config.md) for more details. <br> **Datatype:** String
| `webhook.webhookentryfill` | Payload to send on entry order filled. Only required if `webhook.enabled` is `true`. See the [webhook documentation](webhook-config.md) for more details. <br> **Datatype:** String
| `webhook.webhookexit` | Payload to send on exit. Only required if `webhook.enabled` is `true`. See the [webhook documentation](webhook-config.md) for more details. <br> **Datatype:** String
| `webhook.webhookexitcancel` | Payload to send on exit order cancel. Only required if `webhook.enabled` is `true`. See the [webhook documentation](webhook-config.md) for more details. <br> **Datatype:** String
| `webhook.webhookexitfill` | Payload to send on exit order filled. Only required if `webhook.enabled` is `true`. See the [webhook documentation](webhook-config.md) for more details. <br> **Datatype:** String
| `webhook.webhookstatus` | Payload to send on status calls. Only required if `webhook.enabled` is `true`. See the [webhook documentation](webhook-config.md) for more details. <br> **Datatype:** String
| `webhook.entry` | Payload to send on entry. Only required if `webhook.enabled` is `true`. See the [webhook documentation](webhook-config.md) for more details. <br> **Datatype:** String
| `webhook.entry_cancel` | Payload to send on entry order cancel. Only required if `webhook.enabled` is `true`. See the [webhook documentation](webhook-config.md) for more details. <br> **Datatype:** String
| `webhook.entry_fill` | Payload to send on entry order filled. Only required if `webhook.enabled` is `true`. See the [webhook documentation](webhook-config.md) for more details. <br> **Datatype:** String
| `webhook.exit` | Payload to send on exit. Only required if `webhook.enabled` is `true`. See the [webhook documentation](webhook-config.md) for more details. <br> **Datatype:** String
| `webhook.exit_cancel` | Payload to send on exit order cancel. Only required if `webhook.enabled` is `true`. See the [webhook documentation](webhook-config.md) for more details. <br> **Datatype:** String
| `webhook.exit_fill` | Payload to send on exit order filled. Only required if `webhook.enabled` is `true`. See the [webhook documentation](webhook-config.md) for more details. <br> **Datatype:** String
| `webhook.status` | Payload to send on status calls. Only required if `webhook.enabled` is `true`. See the [webhook documentation](webhook-config.md) for more details. <br> **Datatype:** String
| `webhook.allow_custom_messages` | Enable the sending of Webhook messages from strategies via the dataprovider.send_msg() function. <br> **Datatype:** Boolean
| | **Rest API / FreqUI / Producer-Consumer**
| `api_server.enabled` | Enable usage of API Server. See the [API Server documentation](rest-api.md) for more details. <br> **Datatype:** Boolean
| `api_server.listen_ip_address` | Bind IP address. See the [API Server documentation](rest-api.md) for more details. <br> **Datatype:** IPv4
| `api_server.listen_port` | Bind Port. See the [API Server documentation](rest-api.md) for more details. <br>**Datatype:** Integer between 1024 and 65535
| `api_server.verbosity` | Logging verbosity. `info` will print all RPC Calls, while "error" will only display errors. <br>**Datatype:** Enum, either `info` or `error`. Defaults to `info`.
| `api_server.username` | Username for API server. See the [API Server documentation](rest-api.md) for more details. <br>**Keep it in secret, do not disclose publicly.**<br> **Datatype:** String
| `api_server.password` | Password for API server. See the [API Server documentation](rest-api.md) for more details. <br>**Keep it in secret, do not disclose publicly.**<br> **Datatype:** String
| `api_server.ws_token` | API token for the Message WebSocket. See the [API Server documentation](rest-api.md) for more details. <br>**Keep it in secret, do not disclose publicly.** <br> **Datatype:** String
| `bot_name` | Name of the bot. Passed via API to a client - can be shown to distinguish / name bots.<br> *Defaults to `freqtrade`*<br> **Datatype:** String
| `db_url` | Declares database URL to use. NOTE: This defaults to `sqlite:///tradesv3.dryrun.sqlite` if `dry_run` is `true`, and to `sqlite:///tradesv3.sqlite` for production instances. <br> **Datatype:** String, SQLAlchemy connect string
| `external_message_consumer` | Enable [Producer/Consumer mode](producer-consumer.md) for more details. <br> **Datatype:** Dict
| | **Other**
| `initial_state` | Defines the initial application state. If set to stopped, then the bot has to be explicitly started via `/start` RPC command. <br>*Defaults to `stopped`.* <br> **Datatype:** Enum, either `stopped` or `running`
| `force_entry_enable` | Enables the RPC Commands to force a Trade entry. More information below. <br> **Datatype:** Boolean
| `disable_dataframe_checks` | Disable checking the OHLCV dataframe returned from the strategy methods for correctness. Only use when intentionally changing the dataframe and understand what you are doing. [Strategy Override](#parameters-in-the-strategy).<br> *Defaults to `False`*. <br> **Datatype:** Boolean
| `strategy` | **Required** Defines Strategy class to use. Recommended to be set via `--strategy NAME`. <br> **Datatype:** ClassName
| `strategy_path` | Adds an additional strategy lookup path (must be a directory). <br> **Datatype:** String
| `internals.process_throttle_secs` | Set the process throttle, or minimum loop duration for one bot iteration loop. Value in second. <br>*Defaults to `5` seconds.* <br> **Datatype:** Positive Integer
| `internals.heartbeat_interval` | Print heartbeat message every N seconds. Set to 0 to disable heartbeat messages. <br>*Defaults to `60` seconds.* <br> **Datatype:** Positive Integer or 0
| `internals.sd_notify` | Enables use of the sd_notify protocol to tell systemd service manager about changes in the bot state and issue keep-alive pings. See [here](installation.md#7-optional-configure-freqtrade-as-a-systemd-service) for more details. <br> **Datatype:** Boolean
| `logfile` | Specifies logfile name. Uses a rolling strategy for log file rotation for 10 files with the 1MB limit per file. <br> **Datatype:** String
| `strategy` | **Required** Defines Strategy class to use. Recommended to be set via `--strategy NAME`. <br> **Datatype:** ClassName
| `strategy_path` | Adds an additional strategy lookup path (must be a directory). <br> **Datatype:** String
| `recursive_strategy_search` | Set to `true` to recursively search sub-directories inside `user_data/strategies` for a strategy. <br> **Datatype:** Boolean
| `user_data_dir` | Directory containing user data. <br> *Defaults to `./user_data/`*. <br> **Datatype:** String
| `db_url` | Declares database URL to use. NOTE: This defaults to `sqlite:///tradesv3.dryrun.sqlite` if `dry_run` is `true`, and to `sqlite:///tradesv3.sqlite` for production instances. <br> **Datatype:** String, SQLAlchemy connect string
| `logfile` | Specifies logfile name. Uses a rolling strategy for log file rotation for 10 files with the 1MB limit per file. <br> **Datatype:** String
| `add_config_files` | Additional config files. These files will be loaded and merged with the current config file. The files are resolved relative to the initial file.<br> *Defaults to `[]`*. <br> **Datatype:** List of strings
| `dataformat_ohlcv` | Data format to use to store historical candle (OHLCV) data. <br> *Defaults to `json`*. <br> **Datatype:** String
| `dataformat_trades` | Data format to use to store historical trades data. <br> *Defaults to `jsongz`*. <br> **Datatype:** String
| `position_adjustment_enable` | Enables the strategy to use position adjustments (additional buys or sells). [More information here](strategy-callbacks.md#adjust-trade-position). <br> [Strategy Override](#parameters-in-the-strategy). <br>*Defaults to `false`.*<br> **Datatype:** Boolean
| `max_entry_position_adjustment` | Maximum additional order(s) for each open trade on top of the first entry Order. Set it to `-1` for unlimited additional orders. [More information here](strategy-callbacks.md#adjust-trade-position). <br> [Strategy Override](#parameters-in-the-strategy). <br>*Defaults to `-1`.*<br> **Datatype:** Positive Integer or -1
| `futures_funding_rate` | User-specified funding rate to be used when historical funding rates are not available from the exchange. This does not overwrite real historical rates. It is recommended that this be set to 0 unless you are testing a specific coin and you understand how the funding rate will affect freqtrade's profit calculations. [More information here](leverage.md#unavailable-funding-rates) <br>*Defaults to None.*<br> **Datatype:** Float
| `reduce_df_footprint` | Recast all numeric columns to float32/int32, with the objective of reducing ram/disk usage (and decreasing train/inference timing in FreqAI). (Currently only affects FreqAI use-cases) <br> **Datatype:** Boolean. <br> Default: `False`.
### Parameters in the strategy
@@ -509,21 +532,28 @@ It means if the order is not executed immediately AND fully then it is cancelled
It is the same as FOK (above) except it can be partially fulfilled. The remaining part
is automatically cancelled by the exchange.
The `order_time_in_force` parameter contains a dict with buy and sell time in force policy values.
**PO (Post only):**
Post only order. The order is either placed as a maker order, or it is canceled.
This means the order must be placed on orderbook for at at least time in an unfilled state.
#### time_in_force config
The `order_time_in_force` parameter contains a dict with entry and exit time in force policy values.
This can be set in the configuration file or in the strategy.
Values set in the configuration file overwrites values set in the strategy.
The possible values are: `gtc` (default), `fok` or `ioc`.
The possible values are: `GTC` (default), `FOK` or `IOC`.
``` python
"order_time_in_force": {
"entry": "gtc",
"exit": "gtc"
"entry": "GTC",
"exit": "GTC"
},
```
!!! Warning
This is ongoing work. For now, it is supported only for binance and kucoin.
This is ongoing work. For now, it is supported only for binance, gate and kucoin.
Please don't change the default value unless you know what you are doing and have researched the impact of using different values for your particular exchange.
### What values can be used for fiat_display_currency?
@@ -634,17 +664,8 @@ You should also make sure to read the [Exchanges](exchanges.md) section of the d
### Using proxy with Freqtrade
To use a proxy with freqtrade, add the kwarg `"aiohttp_trust_env"=true` to the `"ccxt_async_kwargs"` dict in the exchange section of the configuration.
An example for this can be found in `config_examples/config_full.example.json`
``` json
"ccxt_async_config": {
"aiohttp_trust_env": true
}
```
Then, export your proxy settings using the variables `"HTTP_PROXY"` and `"HTTPS_PROXY"` set to the appropriate values
To use a proxy with freqtrade, export your proxy settings using the variables `"HTTP_PROXY"` and `"HTTPS_PROXY"` set to the appropriate values.
This will have the proxy settings applied to everything (telegram, coingecko, ...) except exchange requests.
Freqtrade currently supports 3 data-formats for both OHLCV and trades data:
Freqtrade currently supports the following data-formats:
* `json` (plain "text" json files)
* `jsongz` (a gzip-zipped version of json files)
* `hdf5` (a high performance datastore)
* `json` - plain "text" json files
* `jsongz` - a gzip-zipped version of json files
* `hdf5` - a high performance datastore
* `feather` - a dataformat based on Apache Arrow (OHLCV only)
* `parquet` - columnar datastore (OHLCV only)
By default, OHLCV data is stored as `json` data, while trades data is stored as `jsongz` data.
This can be changed via the `--data-format-ohlcv` and `--data-format-trades` command line arguments respectively.
To persist this change, you can should also add the following snippet to your configuration, so you don't have to insert the above arguments each time:
To persist this change, you should also add the following snippet to your configuration, so you don't have to insert the above arguments each time:
``` jsonc
// ...
@@ -200,38 +202,74 @@ If the default data-format has been changed during download, then the keys `data
!!! Note
You can convert between data-formats using the [convert-data](#sub-command-convert-data) and [convert-trade-data](#sub-command-convert-trade-data) methods.
#### Dataformat comparison
The following comparisons have been made with the following data, and by using the linux `time` command.
To debug freqtrade, we recommend VSCode with the following launch configuration (located in `.vscode/launch.json`).
Details will obviously vary between setups - but this should work to get you started.
``` json
{
"name": "freqtrade trade",
"type": "python",
"request": "launch",
"module": "freqtrade",
"console": "integratedTerminal",
"args": [
"trade",
// Optional:
// "--userdir", "user_data",
"--strategy",
"MyAwesomeStrategy",
]
},
```
Command line arguments can be added in the `"args"` array.
This method can also be used to debug a strategy, by setting the breakpoints within the strategy.
A similar setup can also be taken for Pycharm - using `freqtrade` as module name, and setting the command line arguments as "parameters".
!!! Note "Startup directory"
This assumes that you have the repository checked out, and the editor is started at the repository root level (so setup.py is at the top level of your repository).
## ErrorHandling
Freqtrade Exceptions all inherit from `FreqtradeException`.
@@ -379,8 +416,9 @@ Determine if crucial bugfixes have been made between this commit and the current
* Merge the release branch (stable) into this branch.
* Edit `freqtrade/__init__.py` and add the version matching the current date (for example `2019.7` for July 2019). Minor versions can be `2019.7.1` should we need to do a second release that month. Version numbers must follow allowed versions from PEP0440 to avoid failures pushing to pypi.
* Commit this part
* push that branch to the remote and create a PR against the stable branch
* Commit this part.
* push that branch to the remote and create a PR against the stable branch.
* Update develop version to next version following the pattern `2019.8-dev`.
### Create changelog from git commits
@@ -403,6 +441,11 @@ To keep the release-log short, best wrap the full git changelog into a collapsib
</details>
```
### FreqUI release
If FreqUI has been updated substantially, make sure to create a release before merging the release branch.
Make sure that freqUI CI on the release is finished and passed before merging the release.
### Create github release / tag
Once the PR against stable is merged (best right after merging):
To simplify running freqtrade, [`docker-compose`](https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/) should be installed and available to follow the below [docker quick start guide](#docker-quick-start).
!!! Info "Docker compose install"
Freqtrade documentation assumes the use of Docker desktop (or the docker compose plugin).
While the docker-compose standalone installation still works, it will require changing all `docker compose` commands from `docker compose` to `docker-compose` to work (e.g. `docker compose up -d` will become `docker-compose up -d`).
## Freqtrade with docker-compose
## Freqtrade with docker
Freqtrade provides an official Docker image on [Dockerhub](https://hub.docker.com/r/freqtradeorg/freqtrade/), as well as a [docker-compose file](https://github.com/freqtrade/freqtrade/blob/stable/docker-compose.yml) ready for usage.
Freqtrade provides an official Docker image on [Dockerhub](https://hub.docker.com/r/freqtradeorg/freqtrade/), as well as a [dockercompose file](https://github.com/freqtrade/freqtrade/blob/stable/docker-compose.yml) ready for usage.
!!! Note
- The following section assumes that `docker`and `docker-compose` are installed and available to the logged in user.
- The following section assumes that `docker`is installed and available to the logged in user.
- All below commands use relative directories and will have to be executed from the directory containing the `docker-compose.yml` file.
docker-compose run --rm freqtrade new-config --config user_data/config.json
dockercompose run --rm freqtrade new-config --config user_data/config.json
```
The above snippet creates a new directory called `ft_userdata`, downloads the latest compose file and pulls the freqtrade image.
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ The `SampleStrategy` is run by default.
Once this is done, you're ready to launch the bot in trading mode (Dry-run or Live-trading, depending on your answer to the corresponding question you made above).
``` bash
docker-compose up -d
dockercompose up -d
```
!!! Warning "Default configuration"
@@ -84,27 +86,27 @@ You can now access the UI by typing localhost:8080 in your browser.
#### Monitoring the bot
You can check for running instances with `docker-compose ps`.
You can check for running instances with `dockercompose ps`.
This should list the service `freqtrade` as `running`. If that's not the case, best check the logs (see next point).
#### Docker-compose logs
#### Dockercompose logs
Logs will be written to: `user_data/logs/freqtrade.log`.
You can also check the latest log with the command `docker-compose logs -f`.
You can also check the latest log with the command `dockercompose logs -f`.
#### Database
The database will be located at: `user_data/tradesv3.sqlite`
#### Updating freqtrade with docker-compose
#### Updating freqtrade with docker
Updating freqtrade when using `docker-compose` is as simple as running the following 2 commands:
Updating freqtrade when using `docker` is as simple as running the following 2 commands:
``` bash
# Download the latest image
docker-compose pull
dockercompose pull
# Restart the image
docker-compose up -d
dockercompose up -d
```
This will first pull the latest image, and will then restart the container with the just pulled version.
@@ -116,43 +118,43 @@ This will first pull the latest image, and will then restart the container with
Advanced users may edit the docker-compose file further to include all possible options or arguments.
All freqtrade arguments will be available by running `docker-compose run --rm freqtrade <command> <optional arguments>`.
All freqtrade arguments will be available by running `dockercompose run --rm freqtrade <command> <optional arguments>`.
!!! Warning "`docker-compose` for trade commands"
Trade commands (`freqtrade trade <...>`) should not be ran via `docker-compose run` - but should use `docker-compose up -d` instead.
!!! Warning "`dockercompose` for trade commands"
Trade commands (`freqtrade trade <...>`) should not be ran via `dockercompose run` - but should use `dockercompose up -d` instead.
This makes sure that the container is properly started (including port forwardings) and will make sure that the container will restart after a system reboot.
If you intend to use freqUI, please also ensure to adjust the [configuration accordingly](rest-api.md#configuration-with-docker), otherwise the UI will not be available.
!!! Note "`docker-compose run --rm`"
!!! Note "`dockercompose run --rm`"
Including `--rm` will remove the container after completion, and is highly recommended for all modes except trading mode (running with `freqtrade trade` command).
??? Note "Using docker without docker-compose"
"`docker-compose run --rm`" will require a compose file to be provided.
??? Note "Using docker without docker"
"`dockercompose run --rm`" will require a compose file to be provided.
Some freqtrade commands that don't require authentication such as `list-pairs` can be run with "`docker run --rm`" instead.
For example `docker run --rm freqtradeorg/freqtrade:stable list-pairs --exchange binance --quote BTC --print-json`.
This can be useful for fetching exchange information to add to your `config.json` without affecting your running containers.
#### Example: Download data with docker-compose
#### Example: Download data with docker
Download backtesting data for 5 days for the pair ETH/BTC and 1h timeframe from Binance. The data will be stored in the directory `user_data/data/` on the host.
Head over to the [Backtesting Documentation](backtesting.md) to learn more.
### Additional dependencies with docker-compose
### Additional dependencies with docker
If your strategy requires dependencies not included in the default image - it will be necessary to build the image on your host.
For this, please create a Dockerfile containing installation steps for the additional dependencies (have a look at [docker/Dockerfile.custom](https://github.com/freqtrade/freqtrade/blob/develop/docker/Dockerfile.custom) for an example).
@@ -166,15 +168,15 @@ You'll then also need to modify the `docker-compose.yml` file and uncomment the
dockerfile: "./Dockerfile.<yourextension>"
```
You can then run `docker-compose build --pull` to build the docker image, and run it using the commands described above.
You can then run `dockercompose build --pull` to build the docker image, and run it using the commands described above.
### Plotting with docker-compose
### Plotting with docker
Commands `freqtrade plot-profit` and `freqtrade plot-dataframe` ([Documentation](plotting.md)) are available by changing the image to `*_plot` in your docker-compose.yml file.
You can then use these commands as follows:
``` bash
docker-compose run --rm freqtrade plot-dataframe --strategy AwesomeStrategy -p BTC/ETH --timerange=20180801-20180805
dockercompose run --rm freqtrade plot-dataframe --strategy AwesomeStrategy -p BTC/ETH --timerange=20180801-20180805
```
The output will be stored in the `user_data/plot` directory, and can be opened with any modern browser.
@@ -185,7 +187,7 @@ Freqtrade provides a docker-compose file which starts up a jupyter lab server.
You can run this server using the following command:
``` bash
docker-compose -f docker/docker-compose-jupyter.yml up
dockercompose -f docker/docker-compose-jupyter.yml up
```
This will create a docker-container running jupyter lab, which will be accessible using `https://127.0.0.1:8888/lab`.
@@ -194,7 +196,7 @@ Please use the link that's printed in the console after startup for simplified l
Since part of this image is built on your machine, it is recommended to rebuild the image from time to time to keep freqtrade (and dependencies) up-to-date.
@@ -54,15 +54,26 @@ This configuration enables kraken, as well as rate-limiting to avoid bans from t
## Binance
!!! Warning "Server location and geo-ip restrictions"
Please be aware that binance restrict api access regarding the server country. The currents and non exhaustive countries blocked are United States, Malaysia (Singapour), Ontario (Canada). Please go to [binance terms > b. Eligibility](https://www.binance.com/en/terms) to find up to date list.
Binance supports `stoploss_on_exchange` and uses `stop-loss-limit` orders. It provides great advantages, so we recommend to benefit from it by enabling stoploss on exchange..
Binance supports `stoploss_on_exchange` and uses `stop-loss-limit` orders. It provides great advantages, so we recommend to benefit from it by enabling stoploss on exchange.
On futures, Binance supports both `stop-limit` as well as `stop-market` orders. You can use either `"limit"` or `"market"` in the `order_types.stoploss` configuration setting to decide which type to use.
### Binance Blacklist
### Binance Blacklist recommendation
For Binance, please add `"BNB/<STAKE>"` to your blacklist to avoid issues.
Accounts having BNB accounts use this to pay for fees - if your first trade happens to be on `BNB`, further trades will consume this position and make the initial BNB trade unsellable as the expected amount is not there anymore.
For Binance, it is suggested to add `"BNB/<STAKE>"` to your blacklist to avoid issues, unless you are willing to maintain enough extra `BNB` on the account or unless you're willing to disable using `BNB` for fees.
Binance accounts may use `BNB` for fees, and if a trade happens to be on `BNB`, further trades may consume this position and make the initial BNB trade unsellable as the expected amount is not there anymore.
### Binance sites
Binance has been split into 2, and users must use the correct ccxt exchange ID for their exchange, otherwise API keys are not recognized.
* [binance.com](https://www.binance.com/) - International users. Use exchange id: `binance`.
* [binance.us](https://www.binance.us/) - US based users. Use exchange id: `binanceus`.
### Binance Futures
@@ -86,12 +97,14 @@ When trading on Binance Futures market, orderbook must be used because there is
},
```
### Binance sites
#### Binance futures settings
Binance has been split into 2, and users must use the correct ccxt exchange ID for their exchange, otherwise API keys are not recognized.
Users will also have to have the futures-setting "Position Mode" set to "One-way Mode", and "Asset Mode" set to "Single-Asset Mode".
These settings will be checked on startup, and freqtrade will show an error if this setting is wrong.
* [binance.com](https://www.binance.com/) - International users. Use exchange id: `binance`.
* [binance.us](https://www.binance.us/) - US based users. Use exchange id: `binanceus`.
Freqtrade will not attempt to change these settings.
## Kraken
@@ -163,26 +176,6 @@ res = [p for p, x in lm.items() if 'US' in x['info']['prohibitedIn']]
print(res)
```
## FTX
!!! Tip "Stoploss on Exchange"
FTX supports `stoploss_on_exchange` and can use both stop-loss-market and stop-loss-limit orders. It provides great advantages, so we recommend to benefit from it.
You can use either `"limit"` or `"market"` in the `order_types.stoploss` configuration setting to decide which type of stoploss shall be used.
### Using subaccounts
To use subaccounts with FTX, you need to edit the configuration and add the following:
``` json
"exchange": {
"ccxt_config": {
"headers": {
"FTX-SUBACCOUNT": "name"
}
},
}
```
## Kucoin
Kucoin requires a passphrase for each api key, you will therefore need to add this key into the configuration so your exchange section looks as follows:
For Kucoin, please add `"KCS/<STAKE>"` to your blacklist to avoid issues.
Accounts having KCS accounts use this to pay for fees - if your first trade happens to be on `KCS`, further trades will consume this position and make the initial KCS trade unsellable as the expected amount is not there anymore.
For Kucoin, it is suggested to add `"KCS/<STAKE>"` to your blacklist to avoid issues, unless you are willing to maintain enough extra `KCS` on the account or unless you're willing to disable using `KCS` for fees.
Kucoin accounts may use `KCS` for fees, and if a trade happens to be on `KCS`, further trades may consume this position and make the initial `KCS` trade unsellable as the expected amount is not there anymore.
## Huobi
@@ -232,7 +225,7 @@ OKX requires a passphrase for each api key, you will therefore need to add this
!!! Warning "Futures"
OKX Futures has the concept of "position mode" - which can be Net or long/short (hedge mode).
Freqtrade supports both modes - but changing the mode mid-trading is not supported and will lead to exceptions and failures to place trades.
Freqtrade supports both modes (we recommend to use net mode) - but changing the mode mid-trading is not supported and will lead to exceptions and failures to place trades.
OKX also only provides MARK candles for the past ~3 months. Backtesting futures prior to that date will therefore lead to slight deviations, as funding-fees cannot be calculated correctly without this data.
## Gate.io
@@ -278,7 +271,7 @@ For example, to test the order type `FOK` with Kraken, and modify candle limit t
Freqtrade can open short positions in futures markets.
This requires the strategy to be made for this - and `"trading_mode": "futures"` in the configuration.
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ Please make sure to read the [relevant documentation page](leverage.md) first.
In spot markets, you can in some cases use leveraged spot tokens, which reflect an inverted pair (eg. BTCUP/USD, BTCDOWN/USD, ETHBULL/USD, ETHBEAR/USD,...) which can be traded with Freqtrade.
### Can I trade options or futures?
### Can my bot trade options or futures?
Futures trading is supported for selected exchanges.
Futures trading is supported for selected exchanges. Please refer to the [documentation start page](index.md#supported-futures-exchanges-experimental) for an uptodate list of supported exchanges.
## Beginner Tips & Tricks
@@ -22,6 +22,13 @@ Futures trading is supported for selected exchanges.
## Freqtrade common issues
### Can freqtrade open multiple positions on the same pair in parallel?
No. Freqtrade will only open one position per pair at a time.
You can however use the [`adjust_trade_position()` callback](strategy-callbacks.md#adjust-trade-position) to adjust an open position.
Backtesting provides an option for this in `--eps` - however this is only there to highlight "hidden" signals, and will not work in live.
### The bot does not start
Running the bot with `freqtrade trade --config config.json` shows the output `freqtrade: command not found`.
@@ -30,7 +37,7 @@ This could be caused by the following reasons:
* The virtual environment is not active.
* Run `source .env/bin/activate` to activate the virtual environment.
* The installation did not work correctly.
* The installation did not complete successfully.
* Please check the [Installation documentation](installation.md).
### I have waited 5 minutes, why hasn't the bot made any trades yet?
@@ -67,7 +74,7 @@ This is not a bot-problem, but will also happen while manual trading.
While freqtrade can handle this (it'll sell 99 COIN), fees are often below the minimum tradable lot-size (you can only trade full COIN, not 0.9 COIN).
Leaving the dust (0.9 COIN) on the exchange makes usually sense, as the next time freqtrade buys COIN, it'll eat into the remaining small balance, this time selling everything it bought, and therefore slowly declining the dust balance (although it most likely will never reach exactly 0).
Where possible (e.g. on binance), the use of the exchange's dedicated fee currency will fix this.
Where possible (e.g. on binance), the use of the exchange's dedicated fee currency will fix this.
On binance, it's sufficient to have BNB in your account, and have "Pay fees in BNB" enabled in your profile. Your BNB balance will slowly decline (as it's used to pay fees) - but you'll no longer encounter dust (Freqtrade will include the fees in the profit calculations).
Other exchanges don't offer such possibilities, where it's simply something you'll have to accept or move to a different exchange.
@@ -77,9 +84,9 @@ Freqtrade will not provide incomplete candles to strategies. Using incomplete ca
You can use "current" market data by using the [dataprovider](strategy-customization.md#orderbookpair-maximum)'s orderbook or ticker methods - which however cannot be used during backtesting.
### Is there a setting to only SELL the coins being held and not perform anymore BUYS?
### Is there a setting to only Exit the trades being held and not perform any new Entries?
You can use the `/stopbuy` command in Telegram to prevent future buys, followed by `/forceexit all` (sell all open trades).
You can use the `/stopentry` command in Telegram to prevent future trade entry, followed by `/forceexit all` (sell all open trades).
### I want to run multiple bots on the same machine
@@ -95,6 +102,12 @@ If this happens for all pairs in the pairlist, this might indicate a recent exch
Irrespectively of the reason, Freqtrade will fill up these candles with "empty" candles, where open, high, low and close are set to the previous candle close - and volume is empty. In a chart, this will look like a `_` - and is aligned with how exchanges usually represent 0 volume candles.
### I'm getting "Price jump between 2 candles detected"
This message is a warning that the candles had a price jump of > 30%.
This might be a sign that the pair stopped trading, and some token exchange took place (e.g. COCOS in 2021 - where price jumped from 0.0000154 to 0.01621).
This message is often accompanied by ["Missing data fillup"](#im-getting-missing-data-fillup-messages-in-the-log) - as trading on such pairs is often stopped for some time.
### I'm getting "Outdated history for pair xxx" in the log
The bot is trying to tell you that it got an outdated last candle (not the last complete candle).
@@ -109,7 +122,7 @@ This warning can point to one of the below problems:
### I'm getting the "RESTRICTED_MARKET" message in the log
Currently known to happen for US Bittrex users.
Currently known to happen for US Bittrex users.
Read [the Bittrex section about restricted markets](exchanges.md#restricted-markets) for more information.
@@ -177,8 +190,8 @@ The GPU improvements would only apply to pandas-native calculations - or ones wr
For hyperopt, freqtrade is using scikit-optimize, which is built on top of scikit-learn.
Their statement about GPU support is [pretty clear](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/faq.html#will-you-add-gpu-support).
GPU's also are only good at crunching numbers (floating point operations).
For hyperopt, we need both number-crunching (find next parameters) and running python code (running backtesting).
GPU's also are only good at crunching numbers (floating point operations).
For hyperopt, we need both number-crunching (find next parameters) and running python code (running backtesting).
As such, GPU's are not too well suited for most parts of hyperopt.
The benefit of using GPU would therefore be pretty slim - and will not justify the complexity introduced by trying to add GPU support.
@@ -219,9 +232,9 @@ already 8\*10^9\*10 evaluations. A roughly total of 80 billion evaluations.
Did you run 100 000 evaluations? Congrats, you've done roughly 1 / 100 000 th
of the search space, assuming that the bot never tests the same parameters more than once.
* The time it takes to run 1000 hyperopt epochs depends on things like: The available cpu, hard-disk, ram, timeframe, timerange, indicator settings, indicator count, amount of coins that hyperopt test strategies on and the resulting trade count - which can be 650 trades in a year or 100000 trades depending if the strategy aims for big profits by trading rarely or for many low profit trades.
* The time it takes to run 1000 hyperopt epochs depends on things like: The available cpu, hard-disk, ram, timeframe, timerange, indicator settings, indicator count, amount of coins that hyperopt test strategies on and the resulting trade count - which can be 650 trades in a year or 100000 trades depending if the strategy aims for big profits by trading rarely or for many low profit trades.
Example: 4% profit 650 times vs 0,3% profit a trade 10000 times in a year. If we assume you set the --timerange to 365 days.
Example: 4% profit 650 times vs 0,3% profit a trade 10000 times in a year. If we assume you set the --timerange to 365 days.
FreqAI is configured through the typical [Freqtrade config file](configuration.md) and the standard [Freqtrade strategy](strategy-customization.md). Examples of FreqAI config and strategy files can be found in `config_examples/config_freqai.example.json` and `freqtrade/templates/FreqaiExampleStrategy.py`, respectively.
## Setting up the configuration file
Although there are plenty of additional parameters to choose from, as highlighted in the [parameter table](freqai-parameter-table.md#parameter-table), a FreqAI config must at minimum include the following parameters (the parameter values are only examples):
```json
"freqai":{
"enabled":true,
"purge_old_models":true,
"train_period_days":30,
"backtest_period_days":7,
"identifier":"unique-id",
"feature_parameters":{
"include_timeframes":["5m","15m","4h"],
"include_corr_pairlist":[
"ETH/USD",
"LINK/USD",
"BNB/USD"
],
"label_period_candles":24,
"include_shifted_candles":2,
"indicator_periods_candles":[10,20]
},
"data_split_parameters":{
"test_size":0.25
}
}
```
A full example config is available in `config_examples/config_freqai.example.json`.
## Building a FreqAI strategy
The FreqAI strategy requires including the following lines of code in the standard [Freqtrade strategy](strategy-customization.md):
```python
# user should define the maximum startup candle count (the largest number of candles
Notice how the `populate_any_indicators()` is where [features](freqai-feature-engineering.md#feature-engineering) and labels/targets are added. A full example strategy is available in `templates/FreqaiExampleStrategy.py`.
Notice also the location of the labels under `if set_generalized_indicators:` at the bottom of the example. This is where single features and labels/targets should be added to the feature set to avoid duplication of them from various configuration parameters that multiply the feature set, such as `include_timeframes`.
!!! Note
The `self.freqai.start()` function cannot be called outside the `populate_indicators()`.
!!! Note
Features **must** be defined in `populate_any_indicators()`. Defining FreqAI features in `populate_indicators()`
will cause the algorithm to fail in live/dry mode. In order to add generalized features that are not associated with a specific pair or timeframe, the following structure inside `populate_any_indicators()` should be used
(as exemplified in `freqtrade/templates/FreqaiExampleStrategy.py`):
Please see the example script located in `freqtrade/templates/FreqaiExampleStrategy.py` for a full example of `populate_any_indicators()`.
## Important dataframe key patterns
Below are the values you can expect to include/use inside a typical strategy dataframe (`df[]`):
| DataFrame Key | Description |
|------------|-------------|
| `df['&*']` | Any dataframe column prepended with `&` in `populate_any_indicators()` is treated as a training target (label) inside FreqAI (typically following the naming convention `&-s*`). For example, to predict the close price 40 candles into the future, you would set `df['&-s_close'] = df['close'].shift(-self.freqai_info["feature_parameters"]["label_period_candles"])` with `"label_period_candles": 40` in the config. FreqAI makes the predictions and gives them back under the same key (`df['&-s_close']`) to be used in `populate_entry/exit_trend()`. <br> **Datatype:** Depends on the output of the model.
| `df['&*_std/mean']` | Standard deviation and mean values of the defined labels during training (or live tracking with `fit_live_predictions_candles`). Commonly used to understand the rarity of a prediction (use the z-score as shown in `templates/FreqaiExampleStrategy.py` and explained [here](#creating-a-dynamic-target-threshold) to evaluate how often a particular prediction was observed during training or historically with `fit_live_predictions_candles`). <br> **Datatype:** Float.
| `df['do_predict']` | Indication of an outlier data point. The return value is integer between -2 and 2, which lets you know if the prediction is trustworthy or not. `do_predict==1` means that the prediction is trustworthy. If the Dissimilarity Index (DI, see details [here](freqai-feature-engineering.md#identifying-outliers-with-the-dissimilarity-index-di)) of the input data point is above the threshold defined in the config, FreqAI will subtract 1 from `do_predict`, resulting in `do_predict==0`. If `use_SVM_to_remove_outliers()` is active, the Support Vector Machine (SVM, see details [here](freqai-feature-engineering.md#identifying-outliers-using-a-support-vector-machine-svm)) may also detect outliers in training and prediction data. In this case, the SVM will also subtract 1 from `do_predict`. If the input data point was considered an outlier by the SVM but not by the DI, or vice versa, the result will be `do_predict==0`. If both the DI and the SVM considers the input data point to be an outlier, the result will be `do_predict==-1`. As with the SVM, if `use_DBSCAN_to_remove_outliers` is active, DBSCAN (see details [here](freqai-feature-engineering.md#identifying-outliers-with-dbscan)) may also detect outliers and subtract 1 from `do_predict`. Hence, if both the SVM and DBSCAN are active and identify a datapoint that was above the DI threshold as an outlier, the result will be `do_predict==-2`. A particular case is when `do_predict == 2`, which means that the model has expired due to exceeding `expired_hours`. <br> **Datatype:** Integer between -2 and 2.
| `df['DI_values']` | Dissimilarity Index (DI) values are proxies for the level of confidence FreqAI has in the prediction. A lower DI means the prediction is close to the training data, i.e., higher prediction confidence. See details about the DI [here](freqai-feature-engineering.md#identifying-outliers-with-the-dissimilarity-index-di). <br> **Datatype:** Float.
| `df['%*']` | Any dataframe column prepended with `%` in `populate_any_indicators()` is treated as a training feature. For example, you can include the RSI in the training feature set (similar to in `templates/FreqaiExampleStrategy.py`) by setting `df['%-rsi']`. See more details on how this is done [here](freqai-feature-engineering.md). <br> **Note:** Since the number of features prepended with `%` can multiply very quickly (10s of thousands of features are easily engineered using the multiplictative functionality of, e.g., `include_shifted_candles` and `include_timeframes` as described in the [parameter table](freqai-parameter-table.md)), these features are removed from the dataframe that is returned from FreqAI to the strategy. To keep a particular type of feature for plotting purposes, you would prepend it with `%%`. <br> **Datatype:** Depends on the output of the model.
## Setting the `startup_candle_count`
The `startup_candle_count` in the FreqAI strategy needs to be set up in the same way as in the standard Freqtrade strategy (see details [here](strategy-customization.md#strategy-startup-period)). This value is used by Freqtrade to ensure that a sufficient amount of data is provided when calling the `dataprovider`, to avoid any NaNs at the beginning of the first training. You can easily set this value by identifying the longest period (in candle units) which is passed to the indicator creation functions (e.g., Ta-Lib functions). In the presented example, `startup_candle_count` is 20 since this is the maximum value in `indicators_periods_candles`.
!!! Note
There are instances where the Ta-Lib functions actually require more data than just the passed `period` or else the feature dataset gets populated with NaNs. Anecdotally, multiplying the `startup_candle_count` by 2 always leads to a fully NaN free training dataset. Hence, it is typically safest to multiply the expected `startup_candle_count` by 2. Look out for this log message to confirm that the data is clean:
```
2022-08-31 15:14:04 - freqtrade.freqai.data_kitchen - INFO - dropped 0 training points due to NaNs in populated dataset 4319.
```
## Creating a dynamic target threshold
Deciding when to enter or exit a trade can be done in a dynamic way to reflect current market conditions. FreqAI allows you to return additional information from the training of a model (more info [here](freqai-feature-engineering.md#returning-additional-info-from-training)). For example, the `&*_std/mean` return values describe the statistical distribution of the target/label *during the most recent training*. Comparing a given prediction to these values allows you to know the rarity of the prediction. In `templates/FreqaiExampleStrategy.py`, the `target_roi` and `sell_roi` are defined to be 1.25 z-scores away from the mean which causes predictions that are closer to the mean to be filtered out.
To consider the population of *historical predictions* for creating the dynamic target instead of information from the training as discussed above, you would set `fit_live_predictions_candles` in the config to the number of historical prediction candles you wish to use to generate target statistics.
```json
"freqai": {
"fit_live_predictions_candles": 300,
}
```
If this value is set, FreqAI will initially use the predictions from the training data and subsequently begin introducing real prediction data as it is generated. FreqAI will save this historical data to be reloaded if you stop and restart a model with the same `identifier`.
## Using different prediction models
FreqAI has multiple example prediction model libraries that are ready to be used as is via the flag `--freqaimodel`. These libraries include `CatBoost`, `LightGBM`, and `XGBoost` regression, classification, and multi-target models, and can be found in `freqai/prediction_models/`.
Regression and classification models differ in what targets they predict - a regression model will predict a target of continuous values, for example what price BTC will be at tomorrow, whilst a classifier will predict a target of discrete values, for example if the price of BTC will go up tomorrow or not. This means that you have to specify your targets differently depending on which model type you are using (see details [below](#setting-model-targets)).
All of the aforementioned model libraries implement gradient boosted decision tree algorithms. They all work on the principle of ensemble learning, where predictions from multiple simple learners are combined to get a final prediction that is more stable and generalized. The simple learners in this case are decision trees. Gradient boosting refers to the method of learning, where each simple learner is built in sequence - the subsequent learner is used to improve on the error from the previous learner. If you want to learn more about the different model libraries you can find the information in their respective docs:
There are also numerous online articles describing and comparing the algorithms. Some relatively light-weight examples would be [CatBoost vs. LightGBM vs. XGBoost — Which is the best algorithm?](https://towardsdatascience.com/catboost-vs-lightgbm-vs-xgboost-c80f40662924#:~:text=In%20CatBoost%2C%20symmetric%20trees%2C%20or,the%20same%20depth%20can%20differ.) and [XGBoost, LightGBM or CatBoost — which boosting algorithm should I use?](https://medium.com/riskified-technology/xgboost-lightgbm-or-catboost-which-boosting-algorithm-should-i-use-e7fda7bb36bc). Keep in mind that the performance of each model is highly dependent on the application and so any reported metrics might not be true for your particular use of the model.
Apart from the models already available in FreqAI, it is also possible to customize and create your own prediction models using the `IFreqaiModel` class. You are encouraged to inherit `fit()`, `train()`, and `predict()` to customize various aspects of the training procedures. You can place custom FreqAI models in `user_data/freqaimodels` - and freqtrade will pick them up from there based on the provided `--freqaimodel` name - which has to correspond to the class name of your custom model.
Make sure to use unique names to avoid overriding built-in models.
### Setting model targets
#### Regressors
If you are using a regressor, you need to specify a target that has continuous values. FreqAI includes a variety of regressors, such as the `CatboostRegressor`via the flag `--freqaimodel CatboostRegressor`. An example of how you could set a regression target for predicting the price 100 candles into the future would be
```python
df['&s-close_price'] = df['close'].shift(-100)
```
If you want to predict multiple targets, you need to define multiple labels using the same syntax as shown above.
#### Classifiers
If you are using a classifier, you need to specify a target that has discrete values. FreqAI includes a variety of classifiers, such as the `CatboostClassifier` via the flag `--freqaimodel CatboostClassifier`. If you elects to use a classifier, the classes need to be set using strings. For example, if you want to predict if the price 100 candles into the future goes up or down you would set
If you want to predict multiple targets you must specify all labels in the same label column. You could, for example, add the label `same` to define where the price was unchanged by setting
The `CNNPredictionModel` is a non-linear regression based on `Tensorflow` which follows very similar configuration to the other regressors. Feature engineering and label creation remains the same as highlighted [here](#building-a-freqai-strategy) and [here](#setting-model-targets). Control of the model is focused in the `model_training_parameters` configuration dictionary, which accepts any hyperparameter available to the CNN `fit()` function of Tensorflow [more here](https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/keras/Model#fit). For example, this is where the `epochs` and `batch_size` are controlled:
```json
"model_training_parameters" : {
"batch_size": 64,
"epochs": 10,
"verbose": "auto",
"shuffle": false,
"workers": 1,
"use_multiprocessing": false
}
```
Running the `CNNPredictionModel` is the same as other regressors: `--freqaimodel CNNPredictionModel`.
The architecture and functions of FreqAI are generalized to encourages development of unique features, functions, models, etc.
The class structure and a detailed algorithmic overview is depicted in the following diagram:
As shown, there are three distinct objects comprising FreqAI:
* **IFreqaiModel** - A singular persistent object containing all the necessary logic to collect, store, and process data, engineer features, run training, and inference models.
* **FreqaiDataKitchen** - A non-persistent object which is created uniquely for each unique asset/model. Beyond metadata, it also contains a variety of data processing tools.
* **FreqaiDataDrawer** - A singular persistent object containing all the historical predictions, models, and save/load methods.
There are a variety of built-in [prediction models](freqai-configuration.md#using-different-prediction-models) which inherit directly from `IFreqaiModel`. Each of these models have full access to all methods in `IFreqaiModel` and can therefore override any of those functions at will. However, advanced users will likely stick to overriding `fit()`, `train()`, `predict()`, and `data_cleaning_train/predict()`.
## Data handling
FreqAI aims to organize model files, prediction data, and meta data in a way that simplifies post-processing and enhances crash resilience by automatic data reloading. The data is saved in a file structure,`user_data_dir/models/`, which contains all the data associated with the trainings and backtests. The `FreqaiDataKitchen()` relies heavily on the file structure for proper training and inferencing and should therefore not be manually modified.
### File structure
The file structure is automatically generated based on the model `identifier` set in the [config](freqai-configuration.md#setting-up-the-configuration-file). The following structure shows where the data is stored for post processing:
| Structure | Description |
|-----------|-------------|
| `config_*.json` | A copy of the model specific configuration file. |
| `historic_predictions.pkl` | A file containing all historic predictions generated during the lifetime of the `identifier` model during live deployment. `historic_predictions.pkl` is used to reload the model after a crash or a config change. A backup file is always held in case of corruption on the main file. FreqAI **automatically** detects corruption and replaces the corrupted file with the backup. |
| `pair_dictionary.json` | A file containing the training queue as well as the on disk location of the most recently trained model. |
| `sub-train-*_TIMESTAMP` | A folder containing all the files associated with a single model, such as: <br>
|| `*_metadata.json` - Metadata for the model, such as normalization max/min, expected training feature list, etc. <br>
|| `*_model.*` - The model file saved to disk for reloading from a crash. Can be `joblib` (typical boosting libs), `zip` (stable_baselines), `hd5` (keras type), etc. <br>
|| `*_pca_object.pkl` - The [Principal component analysis (PCA)](freqai-feature-engineering.md#data-dimensionality-reduction-with-principal-component-analysis) transform (if `principal_component_analysis: True` is set in the config) which will be used to transform unseen prediction features. <br>
|| `*_svm_model.pkl` - The [Support Vector Machine (SVM)](freqai-feature-engineering.md#identifying-outliers-using-a-support-vector-machine-svm) model (if `use_SVM_to_remove_outliers: True` is set in the config) which is used to detect outliers in unseen prediction features. <br>
|| `*_trained_df.pkl` - The dataframe containing all the training features used to train the `identifier` model. This is used for computing the [Dissimilarity Index (DI)](freqai-feature-engineering.md#identifying-outliers-with-the-dissimilarity-index-di) and can also be used for post-processing. <br>
|| `*_trained_dates.df.pkl` - The dates associated with the `trained_df.pkl`, which is useful for post-processing. |
Low level feature engineering is performed in the user strategy within a function called `populate_any_indicators()`. That function sets the `base features` such as, `RSI`, `MFI`, `EMA`, `SMA`, time of day, volume, etc. The `base features` can be custom indicators or they can be imported from any technical-analysis library that you can find. One important syntax rule is that all `base features` string names are prepended with `%-{pair}`, while labels/targets are prepended with `&`.
!!! Note
Adding the full pair string, e.g. XYZ/USD, in the feature name enables improved performance for dataframe caching on the backend. If you decide *not* to add the full pair string in the feature string, FreqAI will operate in a reduced performance mode.
Meanwhile, high level feature engineering is handled within `"feature_parameters":{}` in the FreqAI config. Within this file, it is possible to decide large scale feature expansions on top of the `base_features` such as "including correlated pairs" or "including informative timeframes" or even "including recent candles."
It is advisable to start from the template `populate_any_indicators()` in the source provided example strategy (found in `templates/FreqaiExampleStrategy.py`) to ensure that the feature definitions are following the correct conventions. Here is an example of how to set the indicators and labels in the strategy:
In the presented example, the user does not wish to pass the `bb_lowerband` as a feature to the model,
and has therefore not prepended it with `%`. The user does, however, wish to pass `bb_width` to the
model for training/prediction and has therefore prepended it with `%`.
After having defined the `base features`, the next step is to expand upon them using the powerful `feature_parameters` in the configuration file:
```json
"freqai":{
//...
"feature_parameters":{
"include_timeframes":["5m","15m","4h"],
"include_corr_pairlist":[
"ETH/USD",
"LINK/USD",
"BNB/USD"
],
"label_period_candles":24,
"include_shifted_candles":2,
"indicator_periods_candles":[10,20]
},
//...
}
```
The `include_timeframes` in the config above are the timeframes (`tf`) of each call to `populate_any_indicators()` in the strategy. In the presented case, the user is asking for the `5m`, `15m`, and `4h` timeframes of the `rsi`, `mfi`, `roc`, and `bb_width` to be included in the feature set.
You can ask for each of the defined features to be included also for informative pairs using the `include_corr_pairlist`. This means that the feature set will include all the features from `populate_any_indicators` on all the `include_timeframes` for each of the correlated pairs defined in the config (`ETH/USD`, `LINK/USD`, and `BNB/USD` in the presented example).
`include_shifted_candles` indicates the number of previous candles to include in the feature set. For example, `include_shifted_candles: 2` tells FreqAI to include the past 2 candles for each of the features in the feature set.
In total, the number of features the user of the presented example strat has created is: length of `include_timeframes`* no. features in `populate_any_indicators()` * length of `include_corr_pairlist`* no. `include_shifted_candles` * length of `indicator_periods_candles`
$= 3 * 3 * 3 * 2 * 2 = 108$.
### Returning additional info from training
Important metrics can be returned to the strategy at the end of each model training by assigning them to `dk.data['extra_returns_per_train']['my_new_value'] = XYZ` inside the custom prediction model class.
FreqAI takes the `my_new_value` assigned in this dictionary and expands it to fit the dataframe that is returned to the strategy. You can then use the returned metrics in your strategy through `dataframe['my_new_value']`. An example of how return values can be used in FreqAI are the `&*_mean` and `&*_std` values that are used to [created a dynamic target threshold](freqai-configuration.md#creating-a-dynamic-target-threshold).
Another example, where the user wants to use live metrics from the trade database, is shown below:
```json
"freqai":{
"extra_returns_per_train":{"total_profit":4}
}
```
You need to set the standard dictionary in the config so that FreqAI can return proper dataframe shapes. These values will likely be overridden by the prediction model, but in the case where the model has yet to set them, or needs a default initial value, the pre-set values are what will be returned.
## Feature normalization
FreqAI is strict when it comes to data normalization. The train features, $X^{train}$, are always normalized to [-1, 1] using a shifted min-max normalization:
All other data (test data and unseen prediction data in dry/live/backtest) is always automatically normalized to the training feature space according to industry standards. FreqAI stores all the metadata required to ensure that test and prediction features will be properly normalized and that predictions are properly denormalized. For this reason, it is not recommended to eschew industry standards and modify FreqAI internals - however - advanced users can do so by inheriting `train()` in their custom `IFreqaiModel` and using their own normalization functions.
## Data dimensionality reduction with Principal Component Analysis
You can reduce the dimensionality of your features by activating the `principal_component_analysis` in the config:
```json
"freqai":{
"feature_parameters":{
"principal_component_analysis":true
}
}
```
This will perform PCA on the features and reduce their dimensionality so that the explained variance of the data set is >= 0.999. Reducing data dimensionality makes training the model faster and hence allows for more up-to-date models.
## Inlier metric
The `inlier_metric` is a metric aimed at quantifying how similar a the features of a data point are to the most recent historic data points.
You define the lookback window by setting `inlier_metric_window` and FreqAI computes the distance between the present time point and each of the previous `inlier_metric_window` lookback points. A Weibull function is fit to each of the lookback distributions and its cumulative distribution function (CDF) is used to produce a quantile for each lookback point. The `inlier_metric` is then computed for each time point as the average of the corresponding lookback quantiles. The figure below explains the concept for an `inlier_metric_window` of 5.
FreqAI adds the `inlier_metric` to the training features and hence gives the model access to a novel type of temporal information.
This function does **not** remove outliers from the data set.
## Weighting features for temporal importance
FreqAI allows you to set a `weight_factor` to weight recent data more strongly than past data via an exponential function:
$$ W_i = \exp(\frac{-i}{\alpha*n}) $$
where $W_i$ is the weight of data point $i$ in a total set of $n$ data points. Below is a figure showing the effect of different weight factors on the data points in a feature set.
## Outlier detection
Equity and crypto markets suffer from a high level of non-patterned noise in the form of outlier data points. FreqAI implements a variety of methods to identify such outliers and hence mitigate risk.
### Identifying outliers with the Dissimilarity Index (DI)
The Dissimilarity Index (DI) aims to quantify the uncertainty associated with each prediction made by the model.
You can tell FreqAI to remove outlier data points from the training/test data sets using the DI by including the following statement in the config:
```json
"freqai":{
"feature_parameters":{
"DI_threshold":1
}
}
```
The DI allows predictions which are outliers (not existent in the model feature space) to be thrown out due to low levels of certainty. To do so, FreqAI measures the distance between each training data point (feature vector), $X_{a}$, and all other training data points:
where $d_{ab}$ is the distance between the normalized points $a$ and $b$, and $p$ is the number of features, i.e., the length of the vector $X$. The characteristic distance, $\overline{d}$, for a set of training data points is simply the mean of the average distances:
$\overline{d}$ quantifies the spread of the training data, which is compared to the distance between a new prediction feature vectors, $X_k$ and all the training data:
$$ d_k = \arg \min d_{k,i} $$
This enables the estimation of the Dissimilarity Index as:
$$ DI_k = d_k/\overline{d} $$
You can tweak the DI through the `DI_threshold` to increase or decrease the extrapolation of the trained model. A higher `DI_threshold` means that the DI is more lenient and allows predictions further away from the training data to be used whilst a lower `DI_threshold` has the opposite effect and hence discards more predictions.
Below is a figure that describes the DI for a 3D data set.
### Identifying outliers using a Support Vector Machine (SVM)
You can tell FreqAI to remove outlier data points from the training/test data sets using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) by including the following statement in the config:
```json
"freqai":{
"feature_parameters":{
"use_SVM_to_remove_outliers":true
}
}
```
The SVM will be trained on the training data and any data point that the SVM deems to be beyond the feature space will be removed.
FreqAI uses `sklearn.linear_model.SGDOneClassSVM` (details are available on scikit-learn's webpage [here](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.linear_model.SGDOneClassSVM.html) (external website)) and you can elect to provide additional parameters for the SVM, such as `shuffle`, and `nu`.
The parameter `shuffle` is by default set to `False` to ensure consistent results. If it is set to `True`, running the SVM multiple times on the same data set might result in different outcomes due to `max_iter` being to low for the algorithm to reach the demanded `tol`. Increasing `max_iter` solves this issue but causes the procedure to take longer time.
The parameter `nu`, *very* broadly, is the amount of data points that should be considered outliers and should be between 0 and 1.
### Identifying outliers with DBSCAN
You can configure FreqAI to use DBSCAN to cluster and remove outliers from the training/test data set or incoming outliers from predictions, by activating `use_DBSCAN_to_remove_outliers` in the config:
```json
"freqai":{
"feature_parameters":{
"use_DBSCAN_to_remove_outliers":true
}
}
```
DBSCAN is an unsupervised machine learning algorithm that clusters data without needing to know how many clusters there should be.
Given a number of data points $N$, and a distance $\varepsilon$, DBSCAN clusters the data set by setting all data points that have $N-1$ other data points within a distance of $\varepsilon$ as *core points*. A data point that is within a distance of $\varepsilon$ from a *core point* but that does not have $N-1$ other data points within a distance of $\varepsilon$ from itself is considered an *edge point*. A cluster is then the collection of *core points* and *edge points*. Data points that have no other data points at a distance $<\varepsilon$ are considered outliers. The figure below shows a cluster with $N = 3$.
FreqAI uses `sklearn.cluster.DBSCAN` (details are available on scikit-learn's webpage [here](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.cluster.DBSCAN.html) (external website)) with `min_samples` ($N$) taken as 1/4 of the no. of time points (candles) in the feature set. `eps` ($\varepsilon$) is computed automatically as the elbow point in the *k-distance graph* computed from the nearest neighbors in the pairwise distances of all data points in the feature set.
The table below will list all configuration parameters available for FreqAI. Some of the parameters are exemplified in `config_examples/config_freqai.example.json`.
Mandatory parameters are marked as **Required** and have to be set in one of the suggested ways.
### General configuration parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|------------|-------------|
| | **General configuration parameters within the `config.freqai` tree**
| `freqai` | **Required.** <br> The parent dictionary containing all the parameters for controlling FreqAI. <br> **Datatype:** Dictionary.
| `train_period_days` | **Required.** <br> Number of days to use for the training data (width of the sliding window). <br> **Datatype:** Positive integer.
| `backtest_period_days` | **Required.** <br> Number of days to inference from the trained model before sliding the `train_period_days` window defined above, and retraining the model during backtesting (more info [here](freqai-running.md#backtesting)). This can be fractional days, but beware that the provided `timerange` will be divided by this number to yield the number of trainings necessary to complete the backtest. <br> **Datatype:** Float.
| `identifier` | **Required.** <br> A unique ID for the current model. If models are saved to disk, the `identifier` allows for reloading specific pre-trained models/data. <br> **Datatype:** String.
| `live_retrain_hours` | Frequency of retraining during dry/live runs. <br> **Datatype:** Float > 0. <br> Default: `0` (models retrain as often as possible).
| `expiration_hours` | Avoid making predictions if a model is more than `expiration_hours` old. <br> **Datatype:** Positive integer. <br> Default: `0` (models never expire).
| `save_backtest_models` | Save models to disk when running backtesting. Backtesting operates most efficiently by saving the prediction data and reusing them directly for subsequent runs (when you wish to tune entry/exit parameters). Saving backtesting models to disk also allows to use the same model files for starting a dry/live instance with the same model `identifier`. <br> **Datatype:** Boolean. <br> Default: `False` (no models are saved).
| `fit_live_predictions_candles` | Number of historical candles to use for computing target (label) statistics from prediction data, instead of from the training dataset (more information can be found [here](freqai-configuration.md#creating-a-dynamic-target-threshold)). <br> **Datatype:** Positive integer.
| `follow_mode` | Use a `follower` that will look for models associated with a specific `identifier` and load those for inferencing. A `follower` will **not** train new models. <br> **Datatype:** Boolean. <br> Default: `False`.
| `continual_learning` | Use the final state of the most recently trained model as starting point for the new model, allowing for incremental learning (more information can be found [here](freqai-running.md#continual-learning)). <br> **Datatype:** Boolean. <br> Default: `False`.
| `write_metrics_to_disk` | Collect train timings, inference timings and cpu usage in json file. <br> **Datatype:** Boolean. <br> Default: `False`
| `data_kitchen_thread_count` | <br> Designate the number of threads you want to use for data processing (outlier methods, normalization, etc.). This has no impact on the number of threads used for training. If user does not set it (default), FreqAI will use max number of threads - 2 (leaving 1 physical core available for Freqtrade bot and FreqUI) <br> **Datatype:** Positive integer.
### Feature parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|------------|-------------|
| | **Feature parameters within the `freqai.feature_parameters` sub dictionary**
| `feature_parameters` | A dictionary containing the parameters used to engineer the feature set. Details and examples are shown [here](freqai-feature-engineering.md). <br> **Datatype:** Dictionary.
| `include_timeframes` | A list of timeframes that all indicators in `populate_any_indicators` will be created for. The list is added as features to the base indicators dataset. <br> **Datatype:** List of timeframes (strings).
| `include_corr_pairlist` | A list of correlated coins that FreqAI will add as additional features to all `pair_whitelist` coins. All indicators set in `populate_any_indicators` during feature engineering (see details [here](freqai-feature-engineering.md)) will be created for each correlated coin. The correlated coins features are added to the base indicators dataset. <br> **Datatype:** List of assets (strings).
| `label_period_candles` | Number of candles into the future that the labels are created for. This is used in `populate_any_indicators` (see `templates/FreqaiExampleStrategy.py` for detailed usage). You can create custom labels and choose whether to make use of this parameter or not. <br> **Datatype:** Positive integer.
| `include_shifted_candles` | Add features from previous candles to subsequent candles with the intent of adding historical information. If used, FreqAI will duplicate and shift all features from the `include_shifted_candles` previous candles so that the information is available for the subsequent candle. <br> **Datatype:** Positive integer.
| `weight_factor` | Weight training data points according to their recency (see details [here](freqai-feature-engineering.md#weighting-features-for-temporal-importance)). <br> **Datatype:** Positive float (typically < 1).
| `indicator_max_period_candles` | **No longer used (#7325)**. Replaced by `startup_candle_count` which is set in the [strategy](freqai-configuration.md#building-a-freqai-strategy). `startup_candle_count` is timeframe independent and defines the maximum *period* used in `populate_any_indicators()` for indicator creation. FreqAI uses this parameter together with the maximum timeframe in `include_time_frames` to calculate how many data points to download such that the first data point does not include a NaN. <br> **Datatype:** Positive integer.
| `indicator_periods_candles` | Time periods to calculate indicators for. The indicators are added to the base indicator dataset. <br> **Datatype:** List of positive integers.
| `principal_component_analysis` | Automatically reduce the dimensionality of the data set using Principal Component Analysis. See details about how it works [here](#reducing-data-dimensionality-with-principal-component-analysis) <br> **Datatype:** Boolean. <br> Default: `False`.
| `plot_feature_importances` | Create a feature importance plot for each model for the top/bottom `plot_feature_importances` number of features. Plot is stored in `user_data/models/<identifier>/sub-train-<COIN>_<timestamp>.html`. <br> **Datatype:** Integer. <br> Default: `0`.
| `DI_threshold` | Activates the use of the Dissimilarity Index for outlier detection when set to > 0. See details about how it works [here](freqai-feature-engineering.md#identifying-outliers-with-the-dissimilarity-index-di). <br> **Datatype:** Positive float (typically < 1).
| `use_SVM_to_remove_outliers` | Train a support vector machine to detect and remove outliers from the training dataset, as well as from incoming data points. See details about how it works [here](freqai-feature-engineering.md#identifying-outliers-using-a-support-vector-machine-svm). <br> **Datatype:** Boolean.
| `svm_params` | All parameters available in Sklearn's `SGDOneClassSVM()`. See details about some select parameters [here](freqai-feature-engineering.md#identifying-outliers-using-a-support-vector-machine-svm). <br> **Datatype:** Dictionary.
| `use_DBSCAN_to_remove_outliers` | Cluster data using the DBSCAN algorithm to identify and remove outliers from training and prediction data. See details about how it works [here](freqai-feature-engineering.md#identifying-outliers-with-dbscan). <br> **Datatype:** Boolean.
| `inlier_metric_window` | If set, FreqAI adds an `inlier_metric` to the training feature set and set the lookback to be the `inlier_metric_window`, i.e., the number of previous time points to compare the current candle to. Details of how the `inlier_metric` is computed can be found [here](freqai-feature-engineering.md#inlier-metric). <br> **Datatype:** Integer. <br> Default: `0`.
| `noise_standard_deviation` | If set, FreqAI adds noise to the training features with the aim of preventing overfitting. FreqAI generates random deviates from a gaussian distribution with a standard deviation of `noise_standard_deviation` and adds them to all data points. `noise_standard_deviation` should be kept relative to the normalized space, i.e., between -1 and 1. In other words, since data in FreqAI is always normalized to be between -1 and 1, `noise_standard_deviation: 0.05` would result in 32% of the data being randomly increased/decreased by more than 2.5% (i.e., the percent of data falling within the first standard deviation). <br> **Datatype:** Integer. <br> Default: `0`.
| `outlier_protection_percentage` | Enable to prevent outlier detection methods from discarding too much data. If more than `outlier_protection_percentage` % of points are detected as outliers by the SVM or DBSCAN, FreqAI will log a warning message and ignore outlier detection, i.e., the original dataset will be kept intact. If the outlier protection is triggered, no predictions will be made based on the training dataset. <br> **Datatype:** Float. <br> Default: `30`.
| `reverse_train_test_order` | Split the feature dataset (see below) and use the latest data split for training and test on historical split of the data. This allows the model to be trained up to the most recent data point, while avoiding overfitting. However, you should be careful to understand the unorthodox nature of this parameter before employing it. <br> **Datatype:** Boolean. <br> Default: `False` (no reversal).
### Data split parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|------------|-------------|
| | **Data split parameters within the `freqai.data_split_parameters` sub dictionary**
| `data_split_parameters` | Include any additional parameters available from Scikit-learn `test_train_split()`, which are shown [here](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.model_selection.train_test_split.html) (external website). <br> **Datatype:** Dictionary.
| `test_size` | The fraction of data that should be used for testing instead of training. <br> **Datatype:** Positive float < 1.
| `shuffle` | Shuffle the training data points during training. Typically, to not remove the chronological order of data in time-series forecasting, this is set to `False`. <br> **Datatype:** Boolean. <br> Defaut: `False`.
### Model training parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|------------|-------------|
| | **Model training parameters within the `freqai.model_training_parameters` sub dictionary**
| `model_training_parameters` | A flexible dictionary that includes all parameters available by the selected model library. For example, if you use `LightGBMRegressor`, this dictionary can contain any parameter available by the `LightGBMRegressor` [here](https://lightgbm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/pythonapi/lightgbm.LGBMRegressor.html) (external website). If you select a different model, this dictionary can contain any parameter from that model. A list of the currently available models can be found [here](freqai-configuration.md#using-different-prediction-models). <br> **Datatype:** Dictionary.
| `n_estimators` | The number of boosted trees to fit in the training of the model. <br> **Datatype:** Integer.
| `learning_rate` | Boosting learning rate during training of the model. <br> **Datatype:** Float.
| `n_jobs`, `thread_count`, `task_type` | Set the number of threads for parallel processing and the `task_type` (`gpu` or `cpu`). Different model libraries use different parameter names. <br> **Datatype:** Float.
### Reinforcement Learning parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|------------|-------------|
| | **Reinforcement Learning Parameters within the `freqai.rl_config` sub dictionary**
| `rl_config` | A dictionary containing the control parameters for a Reinforcement Learning model. <br> **Datatype:** Dictionary.
| `train_cycles` | Training time steps will be set based on the `train_cycles * number of training data points. <br> **Datatype:** Integer.
| `cpu_count` | Number of processors to dedicate to the Reinforcement Learning training process. <br> **Datatype:** int.
| `max_trade_duration_candles`| Guides the agent training to keep trades below desired length. Example usage shown in `prediction_models/ReinforcementLearner.py` within the customizable `calculate_reward()` function. <br> **Datatype:** int.
| `model_type` | Model string from stable_baselines3 or SBcontrib. Available strings include: `'TRPO', 'ARS', 'RecurrentPPO', 'MaskablePPO', 'PPO', 'A2C', 'DQN'`. User should ensure that `model_training_parameters` match those available to the corresponding stable_baselines3 model by visiting their documentaiton. [PPO doc](https://stable-baselines3.readthedocs.io/en/master/modules/ppo.html) (external website) <br> **Datatype:** string.
| `policy_type` | One of the available policy types from stable_baselines3 <br> **Datatype:** string.
| `max_training_drawdown_pct` | The maximum drawdown that the agent is allowed to experience during training. <br> **Datatype:** float. <br> Default: 0.8
| `cpu_count` | Number of threads/cpus to dedicate to the Reinforcement Learning training process (depending on if `ReinforcementLearning_multiproc` is selected or not). Recommended to leave this untouched, by default, this value is set to the total number of physical cores minus 1. <br> **Datatype:** int.
| `model_reward_parameters` | Parameters used inside the customizable `calculate_reward()` function in `ReinforcementLearner.py` <br> **Datatype:** int.
| `add_state_info` | Tell FreqAI to include state information in the feature set for training and inferencing. The current state variables include trade duration, current profit, trade position. This is only available in dry/live runs, and is automatically switched to false for backtesting. <br> **Datatype:** bool. <br> Default: `False`.
| `net_arch` | Network architecture which is well described in [`stable_baselines3` doc](https://stable-baselines3.readthedocs.io/en/master/guide/custom_policy.html#examples). In summary: `[<shared layers>, dict(vf=[<non-shared value network layers>], pi=[<non-shared policy network layers>])]`. By default this is set to `[128, 128]`, which defines 2 shared hidden layers with 128 units each.
| `randomize_starting_position` | Randomize the starting point of each episode to avoid overfitting. <br> **Datatype:** bool. <br> Default: `False`.
### Additional parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|------------|-------------|
| | **Extraneous parameters**
| `freqai.keras` | If the selected model makes use of Keras (typical for Tensorflow-based prediction models), this flag should be activated so that the model save/loading follows Keras standards. If the the provided `CNNPredictionModel` is used, then this is handled automatically. <br> **Datatype:** Boolean. <br> Default: `False`.
| `freqai.conv_width` | The width of a convolutional neural network input tensor. This replaces the need for shifting candles (`include_shifted_candles`) by feeding in historical data points as the second dimension of the tensor. Technically, this parameter can also be used for regressors, but it only adds computational overhead and does not change the model training/prediction. <br> **Datatype:** Integer. <br> Default: `2`.
| `freqai.reduce_df_footprint` | Recast all numeric columns to float32/int32, with the objective of reducing ram/disk usage and decreasing train/inference timing. This parameter is set in the main level of the Freqtrade configuration file (not inside FreqAI). <br> **Datatype:** Boolean. <br> Default: `False`.
Reinforcement learning dependencies include large packages such as `torch`, which should be explicitly requested during `./setup.sh -i` by answering "y" to the question "Do you also want dependencies for freqai-rl (~700mb additional space required) [y/N]?".
Users who prefer docker should ensure they use the docker image appended with `_freqairl`.
## Background and terminology
### What is RL and why does FreqAI need it?
Reinforcement learning involves two important components, the *agent* and the training *environment*. During agent training, the agent moves through historical data candle by candle, always making 1 of a set of actions: Long entry, long exit, short entry, short exit, neutral). During this training process, the environment tracks the performance of these actions and rewards the agent according to a custom user made `calculate_reward()` (here we offer a default reward for users to build on if they wish [details here](#creating-a-custom-reward-function)). The reward is used to train weights in a neural network.
A second important component of the FreqAI RL implementation is the use of *state* information. State information is fed into the network at each step, including current profit, current position, and current trade duration. These are used to train the agent in the training environment, and to reinforce the agent in dry/live (this functionality is not available in backtesting). *FreqAI + Freqtrade is a perfect match for this reinforcing mechanism since this information is readily available in live deployments.*
Reinforcement learning is a natural progression for FreqAI, since it adds a new layer of adaptivity and market reactivity that Classifiers and Regressors cannot match. However, Classifiers and Regressors have strengths that RL does not have such as robust predictions. Improperly trained RL agents may find "cheats" and "tricks" to maximize reward without actually winning any trades. For this reason, RL is more complex and demands a higher level of understanding than typical Classifiers and Regressors.
### The RL interface
With the current framework, we aim to expose the training environment via the common "prediction model" file, which is a user inherited `BaseReinforcementLearner` object (e.g. `freqai/prediction_models/ReinforcementLearner`). Inside this user class, the RL environment is available and customized via `MyRLEnv` as [shown below](#creating-a-custom-reward-function).
We envision the majority of users focusing their effort on creative design of the `calculate_reward()` function [details here](#creating-a-custom-reward-function), while leaving the rest of the environment untouched. Other users may not touch the environment at all, and they will only play with the configuration settings and the powerful feature engineering that already exists in FreqAI. Meanwhile, we enable advanced users to create their own model classes entirely.
The framework is built on stable_baselines3 (torch) and OpenAI gym for the base environment class. But generally speaking, the model class is well isolated. Thus, the addition of competing libraries can be easily integrated into the existing framework. For the environment, it is inheriting from `gym.env` which means that it is necessary to write an entirely new environment in order to switch to a different library.
### Important considerations
As explained above, the agent is "trained" in an artificial trading "environment". In our case, that environment may seem quite similar to a real Freqtrade backtesting environment, but it is *NOT*. In fact, the RL training environment is much more simplified. It does not incorporate any of the complicated strategy logic, such as callbacks like `custom_exit`, `custom_stoploss`, leverage controls, etc. The RL environment is instead a very "raw" representation of the true market, where the agent has free-will to learn the policy (read: stoploss, take profit, etc.) which is enforced by the `calculate_reward()`. Thus, it is important to consider that the agent training environment is not identical to the real world.
## Running Reinforcement Learning
Setting up and running a Reinforcement Learning model is the same as running a Regressor or Classifier. The same two flags, `--freqaimodel` and `--strategy`, must be defined on the command line:
where `ReinforcementLearner` will use the templated `ReinforcementLearner` from `freqai/prediction_models/ReinforcementLearner` (or a custom user defined one located in `user_data/freqaimodels`). The strategy, on the other hand, follows the same base [feature engineering](freqai-feature-engineering.md) with `populate_any_indicators` as a typical Regressor:
# Add generalized indicators here (because in live, it will call this
# function to populate indicators during training). Notice how we ensure not to
# add them multiple times
ifset_generalized_indicators:
# For RL, there are no direct targets to set. This is filler (neutral)
# until the agent sends an action.
df["&-action"]=0
returndf
```
Most of the function remains the same as for typical Regressors, however, the function above shows how the strategy must pass the raw price data to the agent so that it has access to raw OHLCV in the training environment:
```python
# The following features are necessary for RL models
Finally, there is no explicit "label" to make - instead it is necessary to assign the `&-action` column which will contain the agent's actions when accessed in `populate_entry/exit_trends()`. In the present example, the neutral action to 0. This value should align with the environment used. FreqAI provides two environments, both use 0 as the neutral action.
After users realize there are no labels to set, they will soon understand that the agent is making its "own" entry and exit decisions. This makes strategy construction rather simple. The entry and exit signals come from the agent in the form of an integer - which are used directly to decide entries and exits in the strategy:
It is important to consider that `&-action` depends on which environment they choose to use. The example above shows 5 actions, where 0 is neutral, 1 is enter long, 2 is exit long, 3 is enter short and 4 is exit short.
## Configuring the Reinforcement Learner
In order to configure the `Reinforcement Learner` the following dictionary must exist in the `freqai` config:
```json
"rl_config":{
"train_cycles":25,
"add_state_info":true,
"max_trade_duration_candles":300,
"max_training_drawdown_pct":0.02,
"cpu_count":8,
"model_type":"PPO",
"policy_type":"MlpPolicy",
"model_reward_parameters":{
"rr":1,
"profit_aim":0.025
}
}
```
Parameter details can be found [here](freqai-parameter-table.md), but in general the `train_cycles` decides how many times the agent should cycle through the candle data in its artificial environment to train weights in the model. `model_type` is a string which selects one of the available models in [stable_baselines](https://stable-baselines3.readthedocs.io/en/master/)(external link).
!!! Note
If you would like to experiment with `continual_learning`, then you should set that value to `true` in the main `freqai` configuration dictionary. This will tell the Reinforcement Learning library to continue training new models from the final state of previous models, instead of retraining new models from scratch each time a retrain is initiated.
!!! Note
Remember that the general `model_training_parameters` dictionary should contain all the model hyperparameter customizations for the particular `model_type`. For example, `PPO` parameters can be found [here](https://stable-baselines3.readthedocs.io/en/master/modules/ppo.html).
## Creating a custom reward function
As you begin to modify the strategy and the prediction model, you will quickly realize some important differences between the Reinforcement Learner and the Regressors/Classifiers. Firstly, the strategy does not set a target value (no labels!). Instead, you set the `calculate_reward()` function inside the `MyRLEnv` class (see below). A default `calculate_reward()` is provided inside `prediction_models/ReinforcementLearner.py` to demonstrate the necessary building blocks for creating rewards, but users are encouraged to create their own custom reinforcement learning model class (see below) and save it to `user_data/freqaimodels`. It is inside the `calculate_reward()` where creative theories about the market can be expressed. For example, you can reward your agent when it makes a winning trade, and penalize the agent when it makes a losing trade. Or perhaps, you wish to reward the agent for entering trades, and penalize the agent for sitting in trades too long. Below we show examples of how these rewards are all calculated:
Reinforcement Learning models benefit from tracking training metrics. FreqAI has integrated Tensorboard to allow users to track training and evaluation performance across all coins and across all retrainings. Tensorboard is activated via the following command:
```bash
cd freqtrade
tensorboard --logdir user_data/models/unique-id
```
where `unique-id` is the `identifier` set in the `freqai` configuration file. This command must be run in a separate shell to view the output in their browser at 127.0.0.1:6006 (6006 is the default port used by Tensorboard).
### Custom logging
FreqAI also provides a built in episodic summary logger called `self.tensorboard_log` for adding custom information to the Tensorboard log. By default, this function is already called once per step inside the environment to record the agent actions. All values accumulated for all steps in a single episode are reported at the conclusion of each episode, followed by a full reset of all metrics to 0 in preparation for the subsequent episode.
`self.tensorboard_log` can also be used anywhere inside the environment, for example, it can be added to the `calculate_reward` function to collect more detailed information about how often various parts of the reward were called:
```py
classMyRLEnv(Base5ActionRLEnv):
"""
User made custom environment. This class inherits from BaseEnvironment and gym.env.
Users can override any functions from those parent classes. Here is an example
of a user customized `calculate_reward()` function.
"""
defcalculate_reward(self,action:int)->float:
ifnotself._is_valid(action):
self.tensorboard_log("is_valid")
return-2
```
!!! Note
The `self.tensorboard_log()` function is designed for tracking incremented objects only i.e. events, actions inside the training environment. If the event of interest is a float, the float can be passed as the second argument e.g. `self.tensorboard_log("float_metric1", 0.23)` would add 0.23 to `float_metric`. In this case you can also disable incrementing using `inc=False` parameter.
### Choosing a base environment
FreqAI provides two base environments, `Base4ActionEnvironment` and `Base5ActionEnvironment`. As the names imply, the environments are customized for agents that can select from 4 or 5 actions. In the `Base4ActionEnvironment`, the agent can enter long, enter short, hold neutral, or exit position. Meanwhile, in the `Base5ActionEnvironment`, the agent has the same actions as Base4, but instead of a single exit action, it separates exit long and exit short. The main changes stemming from the environment selection include:
* the actions available in the `calculate_reward`
* the actions consumed by the user strategy
Both of the FreqAI provided environments inherit from an action/position agnostic environment object called the `BaseEnvironment`, which contains all shared logic. The architecture is designed to be easily customized. The simplest customization is the `calculate_reward()` (see details [here](#creating-a-custom-reward-function)). However, the customizations can be further extended into any of the functions inside the environment. You can do this by simply overriding those functions inside your `MyRLEnv` in the prediction model file. Or for more advanced customizations, it is encouraged to create an entirely new environment inherited from `BaseEnvironment`.
!!! Note
FreqAI does not provide by default, a long-only training environment. However, creating one should be as simple as copy-pasting one of the built in environments and removing the `short` actions (and all associated references to those).
There are two ways to train and deploy an adaptive machine learning model - live deployment and historical backtesting. In both cases, FreqAI runs/simulates periodic retraining of models as shown in the following figure:
## Live deployments
FreqAI can be run dry/live using the following command:
When launched, FreqAI will start training a new model, with a new `identifier`, based on the config settings. Following training, the model will be used to make predictions on incoming candles until a new model is available. New models are typically generated as often as possible, with FreqAI managing an internal queue of the coin pairs to try to keep all models equally up to date. FreqAI will always use the most recently trained model to make predictions on incoming live data. If you do not want FreqAI to retrain new models as often as possible, you can set `live_retrain_hours` to tell FreqAI to wait at least that number of hours before training a new model. Additionally, you can set `expired_hours` to tell FreqAI to avoid making predictions on models that are older than that number of hours.
Trained models are by default saved to disk to allow for reuse during backtesting or after a crash. You can opt to [purge old models](#purging-old-model-data) to save disk space by setting `"purge_old_models": true` in the config.
To start a dry/live run from a saved backtest model (or from a previously crashed dry/live session), you only need to specify the `identifier` of the specific model:
```json
"freqai":{
"identifier":"example",
"live_retrain_hours":0.5
}
```
In this case, although FreqAI will initiate with a pre-trained model, it will still check to see how much time has elapsed since the model was trained. If a full `live_retrain_hours` has elapsed since the end of the loaded model, FreqAI will start training a new model.
### Automatic data download
FreqAI automatically downloads the proper amount of data needed to ensure training of a model through the defined `train_period_days` and `startup_candle_count` (see the [parameter table](freqai-parameter-table.md) for detailed descriptions of these parameters).
### Saving prediction data
All predictions made during the lifetime of a specific `identifier` model are stored in `historic_predictions.pkl` to allow for reloading after a crash or changes made to the config.
### Purging old model data
FreqAI stores new model files after each successful training. These files become obsolete as new models are generated to adapt to new market conditions. If you are planning to leave FreqAI running for extended periods of time with high frequency retraining, you should enable `purge_old_models` in the config:
```json
"freqai":{
"purge_old_models":true,
}
```
This will automatically purge all models older than the two most recently trained ones to save disk space.
## Backtesting
The FreqAI backtesting module can be executed with the following command:
If this command has never been executed with the existing config file, FreqAI will train a new model
for each pair, for each backtesting window within the expanded `--timerange`.
Backtesting mode requires [downloading the necessary data](#downloading-data-to-cover-the-full-backtest-period) before deployment (unlike in dry/live mode where FreqAI handles the data downloading automatically). You should be careful to consider that the time range of the downloaded data is more than the backtesting time range. This is because FreqAI needs data prior to the desired backtesting time range in order to train a model to be ready to make predictions on the first candle of the set backtesting time range. More details on how to calculate the data to download can be found [here](#deciding-the-size-of-the-sliding-training-window-and-backtesting-duration).
!!! Note "Model reuse"
Once the training is completed, you can execute the backtesting again with the same config file and
FreqAI will find the trained models and load them instead of spending time training. This is useful
if you want to tweak (or even hyperopt) buy and sell criteria inside the strategy. If you
*want* to retrain a new model with the same config file, you should simply change the `identifier`.
This way, you can return to using any model you wish by simply specifying the `identifier`.
---
### Saving prediction data
To allow for tweaking your strategy (**not** the features!), FreqAI will automatically save the predictions during backtesting so that they can be reused for future backtests and live runs using the same `identifier` model. This provides a performance enhancement geared towards enabling **high-level hyperopting** of entry/exit criteria.
An additional directory called `backtesting_predictions`, which contains all the predictions stored in `hdf` format, will be created in the `unique-id` folder.
To change your **features**, you **must** set a new `identifier` in the config to signal to FreqAI to train new models.
To save the models generated during a particular backtest so that you can start a live deployment from one of them instead of training a new model, you must set `save_backtest_models` to `True` in the config.
### Backtest live collected predictions
FreqAI allow you to reuse live historic predictions through the backtest parameter `--freqai-backtest-live-models`. This can be useful when you want to reuse predictions generated in dry/run for comparison or other study.
The `--timerange` parameter must not be informed, as it will be automatically calculated through the data in the historic predictions file.
### Downloading data to cover the full backtest period
For live/dry deployments, FreqAI will download the necessary data automatically. However, to use backtesting functionality, you need to download the necessary data using `download-data` (details [here](data-download.md#data-downloading)). You need to pay careful attention to understanding how much *additional* data needs to be downloaded to ensure that there is a sufficient amount of training data *before* the start of the backtesting time range. The amount of additional data can be roughly estimated by moving the start date of the time range backwards by `train_period_days` and the `startup_candle_count` (see the [parameter table](freqai-parameter-table.md) for detailed descriptions of these parameters) from the beginning of the desired backtesting time range.
As an example, to backtest the `--timerange 20210501-20210701` using the [example config](freqai-configuration.md#setting-up-the-configuration-file) which sets `train_period_days` to 30, together with `startup_candle_count: 40` on a maximum `include_timeframes` of 1h, the start date for the downloaded data needs to be `20210501` - 30 days - 40 * 1h / 24 hours = 20210330 (31.7 days earlier than the start of the desired training time range).
### Deciding the size of the sliding training window and backtesting duration
The backtesting time range is defined with the typical `--timerange` parameter in the configuration file. The duration of the sliding training window is set by `train_period_days`, whilst `backtest_period_days` is the sliding backtesting window, both in number of days (`backtest_period_days` can be
a float to indicate sub-daily retraining in live/dry mode). In the presented [example config](freqai-configuration.md#setting-up-the-configuration-file) (found in `config_examples/config_freqai.example.json`), the user is asking FreqAI to use a training period of 30 days and backtest on the subsequent 7 days. After the training of the model, FreqAI will backtest the subsequent 7 days. The "sliding window" then moves one week forward (emulating FreqAI retraining once per week in live mode) and the new model uses the previous 30 days (including the 7 days used for backtesting by the previous model) to train. This is repeated until the end of `--timerange`. This means that if you set `--timerange 20210501-20210701`, FreqAI will have trained 8 separate models at the end of `--timerange` (because the full range comprises 8 weeks).
!!! Note
Although fractional `backtest_period_days` is allowed, you should be aware that the `--timerange` is divided by this value to determine the number of models that FreqAI will need to train in order to backtest the full range. For example, by setting a `--timerange` of 10 days, and a `backtest_period_days` of 0.1, FreqAI will need to train 100 models per pair to complete the full backtest. Because of this, a true backtest of FreqAI adaptive training would take a *very* long time. The best way to fully test a model is to run it dry and let it train constantly. In this case, backtesting would take the exact same amount of time as a dry run.
## Defining model expirations
During dry/live mode, FreqAI trains each coin pair sequentially (on separate threads/GPU from the main Freqtrade bot). This means that there is always an age discrepancy between models. If you are training on 50 pairs, and each pair requires 5 minutes to train, the oldest model will be over 4 hours old. This may be undesirable if the characteristic time scale (the trade duration target) for a strategy is less than 4 hours. You can decide to only make trade entries if the model is less than a certain number of hours old by setting the `expiration_hours` in the config file:
```json
"freqai":{
"expiration_hours":0.5,
}
```
In the presented example config, the user will only allow predictions on models that are less than 1/2 hours old.
## Controlling the model learning process
Model training parameters are unique to the selected machine learning library. FreqAI allows you to set any parameter for any library using the `model_training_parameters` dictionary in the config. The example config (found in `config_examples/config_freqai.example.json`) shows some of the example parameters associated with `Catboost` and `LightGBM`, but you can add any parameters available in those libraries or any other machine learning library you choose to implement.
Data split parameters are defined in `data_split_parameters` which can be any parameters associated with Scikit-learn's `train_test_split()` function. `train_test_split()` has a parameters called `shuffle` which allows to shuffle the data or keep it unshuffled. This is particularly useful to avoid biasing training with temporally auto-correlated data. More details about these parameters can be found the [Scikit-learn website](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.model_selection.train_test_split.html) (external website).
The FreqAI specific parameter `label_period_candles` defines the offset (number of candles into the future) used for the `labels`. In the presented [example config](freqai-configuration.md#setting-up-the-configuration-file), the user is asking for `labels` that are 24 candles in the future.
## Continual learning
You can choose to adopt a continual learning scheme by setting `"continual_learning": true` in the config. By enabling `continual_learning`, after training an initial model from scratch, subsequent trainings will start from the final model state of the preceding training. This gives the new model a "memory" of the previous state. By default, this is set to `False` which means that all new models are trained from scratch, without input from previous models.
## Hyperopt
You can hyperopt using the same command as for [typical Freqtrade hyperopt](hyperopt.md):
`hyperopt` requires you to have the data pre-downloaded in the same fashion as if you were doing [backtesting](#backtesting). In addition, you must consider some restrictions when trying to hyperopt FreqAI strategies:
- The `--analyze-per-epoch` hyperopt parameter is not compatible with FreqAI.
- It's not possible to hyperopt indicators in the `populate_any_indicators()` function. This means that you cannot optimize model parameters using hyperopt. Apart from this exception, it is possible to optimize all other [spaces](hyperopt.md#running-hyperopt-with-smaller-search-space).
- The backtesting instructions also apply to hyperopt.
The best method for combining hyperopt and FreqAI is to focus on hyperopting entry/exit thresholds/criteria. You need to focus on hyperopting parameters that are not used in your features. For example, you should not try to hyperopt rolling window lengths in the feature creation, or any part of the FreqAI config which changes predictions. In order to efficiently hyperopt the FreqAI strategy, FreqAI stores predictions as dataframes and reuses them. Hence the requirement to hyperopt entry/exit thresholds/criteria only.
A good example of a hyperoptable parameter in FreqAI is a threshold for the [Dissimilarity Index (DI)](freqai-feature-engineering.md#identifying-outliers-with-the-dissimilarity-index-di) `DI_values` beyond which we consider data points as outliers:
This specific hyperopt would help you understand the appropriate `DI_values` for your particular parameter space.
## Using Tensorboard
CatBoost models benefit from tracking training metrics via Tensorboard. You can take advantage of the FreqAI integration to track training and evaluation performance across all coins and across all retrainings. Tensorboard is activated via the following command:
```bash
cd freqtrade
tensorboard --logdir user_data/models/unique-id
```
where `unique-id` is the `identifier` set in the `freqai` configuration file. This command must be run in a separate shell if you wish to view the output in your browser at 127.0.0.1:6060 (6060 is the default port used by Tensorboard).
## Setting up a follower
You can indicate to the bot that it should not train models, but instead should look for models trained by a leader with a specific `identifier` by defining:
```json
"freqai":{
"enabled":true,
"follow_mode":true,
"identifier":"example",
"feature_parameters":{
// leader bots feature_parameters inserted here
},
}
```
In this example, the user has a leader bot with the `"identifier": "example"`. The leader bot is already running or is launched simultaneously with the follower. The follower will load models created by the leader and inference them to obtain predictions instead of training its own models. The user will also need to duplicate the `feature_parameters` parameters from from the leaders freqai configuration file into the freqai section of the followers config.
FreqAI is a software designed to automate a variety of tasks associated with training a predictive machine learning model to generate market forecasts given a set of input signals. In general, the FreqAI aims to be a sand-box for easily deploying robust machine-learning libraries on real-time data ([details])(#freqai-position-in-open-source-machine-learning-landscape).
Features include:
* **Self-adaptive retraining** - Retrain models during [live deployments](freqai-running.md#live-deployments) to self-adapt to the market in a supervised manner
* **Rapid feature engineering** - Create large rich [feature sets](freqai-feature-engineering.md#feature-engineering) (10k+ features) based on simple user-created strategies
* **High performance** - Threading allows for adaptive model retraining on a separate thread (or on GPU if available) from model inferencing (prediction) and bot trade operations. Newest models and data are kept in RAM for rapid inferencing
* **Realistic backtesting** - Emulate self-adaptive training on historic data with a [backtesting module](freqai-running.md#backtesting) that automates retraining
* **Extensibility** - The generalized and robust architecture allows for incorporating any [machine learning library/method](freqai-configuration.md#using-different-prediction-models) available in Python. Eight examples are currently available, including classifiers, regressors, and a convolutional neural network
* **Smart outlier removal** - Remove outliers from training and prediction data sets using a variety of [outlier detection techniques](freqai-feature-engineering.md#outlier-detection)
* **Crash resilience** - Store trained models to disk to make reloading from a crash fast and easy, and [purge obsolete files](freqai-running.md#purging-old-model-data) for sustained dry/live runs
* **Automatic data normalization** - [Normalize the data](freqai-feature-engineering.md#feature-normalization) in a smart and statistically safe way
* **Automatic data download** - Compute timeranges for data downloads and update historic data (in live deployments)
* **Cleaning of incoming data** - Handle NaNs safely before training and model inferencing
* **Dimensionality reduction** - Reduce the size of the training data via [Principal Component Analysis](freqai-feature-engineering.md#data-dimensionality-reduction-with-principal-component-analysis)
* **Deploying bot fleets** - Set one bot to train models while a fleet of [follower bots](freqai-running.md#setting-up-a-follower) inference the models and handle trades
## Quick start
The easiest way to quickly test FreqAI is to run it in dry mode with the following command:
You provide FreqAI with a set of custom *base indicators* (the same way as in a [typical Freqtrade strategy](strategy-customization.md)) as well as target values (*labels*). For each pair in the whitelist, FreqAI trains a model to predict the target values based on the input of custom indicators. The models are then consistently retrained, with a predetermined frequency, to adapt to market conditions. FreqAI offers the ability to both backtest strategies (emulating reality with periodic retraining on historic data) and deploy dry/live runs. In dry/live conditions, FreqAI can be set to constant retraining in a background thread to keep models as up to date as possible.
An overview of the algorithm, explaining the data processing pipeline and model usage, is shown below.
### Important machine learning vocabulary
**Features** - the parameters, based on historic data, on which a model is trained. All features for a single candle are stored as a vector. In FreqAI, you build a feature data set from anything you can construct in the strategy.
**Labels** - the target values that the model is trained toward. Each feature vector is associated with a single label that is defined by you within the strategy. These labels intentionally look into the future and are what you are training the model to be able to predict.
**Training** - the process of "teaching" the model to match the feature sets to the associated labels. Different types of models "learn" in different ways which means that one might be better than another for a specific application. More information about the different models that are already implemented in FreqAI can be found [here](freqai-configuration.md#using-different-prediction-models).
**Train data** - a subset of the feature data set that is fed to the model during training to "teach" the model how to predict the targets. This data directly influences weight connections in the model.
**Test data** - a subset of the feature data set that is used to evaluate the performance of the model after training. This data does not influence nodal weights within the model.
**Inferencing** - the process of feeding a trained model new unseen data on which it will make a prediction.
## Install prerequisites
The normal Freqtrade install process will ask if you wish to install FreqAI dependencies. You should reply "yes" to this question if you wish to use FreqAI. If you did not reply yes, you can manually install these dependencies after the install with:
``` bash
pip install -r requirements-freqai.txt
```
!!! Note
Catboost will not be installed on arm devices (raspberry, Mac M1, ARM based VPS, ...), since it does not provide wheels for this platform.
### Usage with docker
If you are using docker, a dedicated tag with FreqAI dependencies is available as `:freqai`. As such - you can replace the image line in your docker-compose file with `image: freqtradeorg/freqtrade:develop_freqai`. This image contains the regular FreqAI dependencies. Similar to native installs, Catboost will not be available on ARM based devices.
### FreqAI position in open-source machine learning landscape
Forecasting chaotic time-series based systems, such as equity/cryptocurrency markets, requires a broad set of tools geared toward testing a wide range of hypotheses. Fortunately, a recent maturation of robust machine learning libraries (e.g. `scikit-learn`) has opened up a wide range of research possibilities. Scientists from a diverse range of fields can now easily prototype their studies on an abundance of established machine learning algorithms. Similarly, these user-friendly libraries enable "citzen scientists" to use their basic Python skills for data-exploration. However, leveraging these machine learning libraries on historical and live chaotic data sources can be logistically difficult and expensive. Additionally, robust data-collection, storage, and handling presents a disparate challenge. [`FreqAI`](#freqai) aims to provide a generalized and extensible open-sourced framework geared toward live deployments of adaptive modeling for market forecasting. The `FreqAI` framework is effectively a sandbox for the rich world of open-source machine learning libraries. Inside the `FreqAI` sandbox, users find they can combine a wide variety of third-party libraries to test creative hypotheses on a free live 24/7 chaotic data source - cryptocurrency exchange data.
## Common pitfalls
FreqAI cannot be combined with dynamic `VolumePairlists` (or any pairlist filter that adds and removes pairs dynamically).
This is for performance reasons - FreqAI relies on making quick predictions/retrains. To do this effectively,
it needs to download all the training data at the beginning of a dry/live instance. FreqAI stores and appends
new candles automatically for future retrains. This means that if new pairs arrive later in the dry run due to a volume pairlist, it will not have the data ready. However, FreqAI does work with the `ShufflePairlist` or a `VolumePairlist` which keeps the total pairlist constant (but reorders the pairs according to volume).
## Credits
FreqAI is developed by a group of individuals who all contribute specific skillsets to the project.
Conception and software development:
Robert Caulk @robcaulk
Theoretical brainstorming and data analysis:
Elin Törnquist @th0rntwig
Code review and software architecture brainstorming:
@xmatthias
Software development:
Wagner Costa @wagnercosta
Beta testing and bug reporting:
Stefan Gehring @bloodhunter4rc, @longyu, Andrew Lawless @paranoidandy, Pascal Schmidt @smidelis, Ryan McMullan @smarmau, Juha Nykänen @suikula, Johan van der Vlugt @jooopiert, Richárd Józsa @richardjosza, Timothy Pogue @wizrds
Recursively search for a strategy in the strategies
folder.
--freqaimodel NAME Specify a custom freqaimodels.
--freqaimodel-path PATH
Specify additional lookup path for freqaimodels.
```
@@ -178,7 +191,7 @@ Rarely you may also need to create a [nested class](advanced-hyperopt.md#overrid
### Hyperopt execution logic
Hyperopt will first load your data into memory and will then run `populate_indicators()` once per Pair to generate all indicators.
Hyperopt will first load your data into memory and will then run `populate_indicators()` once per Pair to generate all indicators, unless `--analyze-per-epoch` is specified.
Hyperopt will then spawn into different processes (number of processors, or `-j <n>`), and run backtesting over and over again, changing the parameters that are part of the `--spaces` defined.
@@ -271,7 +284,8 @@ The last one we call `trigger` and use it to decide which buy trigger we want to
!!! Note "Parameter space assignment"
Parameters must either be assigned to a variable named `buy_*` or `sell_*` - or contain `space='buy'` | `space='sell'` to be assigned to a space correctly.
If no parameter is available for a space, you'll receive the error that no space was found when running hyperopt.
If no parameter is available for a space, you'll receive the error that no space was found when running hyperopt.
Parameters with unclear space (e.g. `adx_period = IntParameter(4, 24, default=14)` - no explicit nor implicit space) will not be detected and will therefore be ignored.
So let's write the buy strategy using these values:
@@ -334,6 +348,7 @@ There are four parameter types each suited for different purposes.
## Optimizing an indicator parameter
Assuming you have a simple strategy in mind - a EMA cross strategy (2 Moving averages crossing) - and you'd like to find the ideal parameters for this strategy.
By default, we assume a stoploss of 5% - and a take-profit (`minimal_roi`) of 10% - which means freqtrade will sell the trade once 10% profit has been reached.
``` python
from pandas import DataFrame
@@ -348,6 +363,9 @@ import freqtrade.vendor.qtpylib.indicators as qtpylib
class MyAwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
stoploss = -0.05
timeframe = '15m'
minimal_roi = {
"0": 0.10
},
# Define the parameter spaces
buy_ema_short = IntParameter(3, 50, default=5)
buy_ema_long = IntParameter(15, 200, default=50)
@@ -382,7 +400,7 @@ class MyAwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
@@ -403,7 +421,7 @@ Using `self.buy_ema_short.range` will return a range object containing all entri
In this case (`IntParameter(3, 50, default=5)`), the loop would run for all numbers between 3 and 50 (`[3, 4, 5, ... 49, 50]`).
By using this in a loop, hyperopt will generate 48 new columns (`['buy_ema_3', 'buy_ema_4', ... , 'buy_ema_50']`).
Hyperopt itself will then use the selected value to create the buy and sell signals
Hyperopt itself will then use the selected value to create the buy and sell signals.
While this strategy is most likely too simple to provide consistent profit, it should serve as an example how optimize indicator parameters.
@@ -414,9 +432,10 @@ While this strategy is most likely too simple to provide consistent profit, it s
`range` property may also be used with `DecimalParameter` and `CategoricalParameter`. `RealParameter` does not provide this property due to infinite search space.
??? Hint "Performance tip"
By doing the calculation of all possible indicators in `populate_indicators()`, the calculation of the indicator happens only once for every parameter.
While this may slow down the hyperopt startup speed, the overall performance will increase as the Hyperopt execution itself may pick the same value for multiple epochs (changing other values).
You should however try to use space ranges as small as possible. Every new column will require more memory, and every possibility hyperopt can try will increase the search space.
During normal hyperopting, indicators are calculated once and supplied to each epoch, linearly increasing RAM usage as a factor of increasing cores. As this also has performance implications, hyperopt provides `--analyze-per-epoch` which will move the execution of `populate_indicators()` to the epoch process, calculating a single value per parameter per epoch instead of using the `.range` functionality. In this case, `.range` functionality will only return the actually used value. This will reduce RAM usage, but increase CPU usage. However, your hyperopting run will be less likely to fail due to Out Of Memory (OOM) issues.
In either case, you should try to use space ranges as small as possible this will improve CPU/RAM usage in both scenarios.
## Optimizing protections
@@ -862,10 +881,29 @@ You can also enable position stacking in the configuration file by explicitly se
As hyperopt consumes a lot of memory (the complete data needs to be in memory once per parallel backtesting process), it's likely that you run into "out of memory" errors.
To combat these, you have multiple options:
* reduce the amount of pairs
* reduce the timerange used (`--timerange <timerange>`)
* reduce the number of parallel processes (`-j <n>`)
* Increase the memory of your machine
* Reduce the amount of pairs.
* Reduce the timerange used (`--timerange <timerange>`).
* Avoid using `--timeframe-detail` (this loads a lot of additional data into memory).
* Reduce the number of parallel processes (`-j <n>`).
* Increase the memory of your machine.
* Use `--analyze-per-epoch` if you're using a lot of parameters with `.range` functionality.
## The objective has been evaluated at this point before.
If you see `The objective has been evaluated at this point before.` - then this is a sign that your space has been exhausted, or is close to that.
Basically all points in your space have been hit (or a local minima has been hit) - and hyperopt does no longer find points in the multi-dimensional space it did not try yet.
Freqtrade tries to counter the "local minima" problem by using new, randomized points in this case.
The `buy_ema_short` space has 15 possible values (`5, 6, ... 19, 20`). If you now run hyperopt for the buy space, hyperopt will only have 15 values to try before running out of options.
Your epochs should therefore be aligned to the possible values - or you should be ready to interrupt a run if you norice a lot of `The objective has been evaluated at this point before.` warnings.
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ You may also use something like `.*DOWN/BTC` or `.*UP/BTC` to exclude leveraged
* [`StaticPairList`](#static-pair-list) (default, if not configured differently)
* [`VolumePairList`](#volume-pair-list)
* [`ProducerPairList`](#producerpairlist)
* [`AgeFilter`](#agefilter)
* [`OffsetFilter`](#offsetfilter)
* [`PerformanceFilter`](#performancefilter)
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ Filtering instances (not the first position in the list) will not apply any cach
You can define a minimum volume with `min_value` - which will filter out pairs with a volume lower than the specified value in the specified timerange.
### VolumePairList Advanced mode
##### VolumePairList Advanced mode
`VolumePairList` can also operate in an advanced mode to build volume over a given timerange of specified candle size. It utilizes exchange historical candle data, builds a typical price (calculated by (open+high+low)/3) and multiplies the typical price with every candle's volume. The sum is the `quoteVolume` over the given range. This allows different scenarios, for a more smoothened volume, when using longer ranges with larger candle sizes, or the opposite when using a short range with small candles.
@@ -146,6 +147,32 @@ More sophisticated approach can be used, by using `lookback_timeframe` for candl
!!! Note
`VolumePairList` does not support backtesting mode.
#### ProducerPairList
With `ProducerPairList`, you can reuse the pairlist from a [Producer](producer-consumer.md) without explicitly defining the pairlist on each consumer.
[Consumer mode](producer-consumer.md) is required for this pairlist to work.
The pairlist will perform a check on active pairs against the current exchange configuration to avoid attempting to trade on invalid markets.
You can limit the length of the pairlist with the optional parameter `number_assets`. Using `"number_assets"=0` or omitting this key will result in the reuse of all producer pairs valid for the current setup.
```json
"pairlists": [
{
"method": "ProducerPairList",
"number_assets": 5,
"producer_name": "default",
}
],
```
!!! Tip "Combining pairlists"
This pairlist can be combined with all other pairlists and filters for further pairlist reduction, and can also act as an "additional" pairlist, on top of already defined pairs.
`ProducerPairList` can also be used multiple times in sequence, combining the pairs from multiple producers.
Obviously in complex such configurations, the Producer may not provide data for all pairs, so the strategy must be fit for this.
#### AgeFilter
Removes pairs that have been listed on the exchange for less than `min_days_listed` days (defaults to `10`) or more than `max_days_listed` days (defaults `None` mean infinity).
@@ -241,7 +268,7 @@ This option is disabled by default, and will only apply if set to > 0.
The `max_value` setting removes pairs where the minimum value change is above a specified value.
This is useful when an exchange has unbalanced limits. For example, if step-size = 1 (so you can only buy 1, or 2, or 3, but not 1.1 Coins) - and the price is pretty high (like 20\$) as the coin has risen sharply since the last limit adaption.
As a result of the above, you can only buy for 20\$, or 40\$ - but not for 25\$.
On exchanges that deduct fees from the receiving currency (e.g. FTX) - this can result in high value coins / amounts that are unsellable as the amount is slightly below the limit.
On exchanges that deduct fees from the receiving currency (e.g. binance) - this can result in high value coins / amounts that are unsellable as the amount is slightly below the limit.
The `low_price_ratio` setting removes pairs where a raise of 1 price unit (pip) is above the `low_price_ratio` ratio.
This option is disabled by default, and will only apply if set to > 0.
@@ -259,6 +286,18 @@ Min price precision for SHITCOIN/BTC is 8 decimals. If its price is 0.00000011 -
Shuffles (randomizes) pairs in the pairlist. It can be used for preventing the bot from trading some of the pairs more frequently then others when you want all pairs be treated with the same priority.
By default, ShuffleFilter will shuffle pairs once per candle.
To shuffle on every iteration, set `"shuffle_frequency"` to `"iteration"` instead of the default of `"candle"`.
``` json
{
"method": "ShuffleFilter",
"shuffle_frequency": "candle",
"seed": 42
}
```
!!! Tip
You may set the `seed` value for this Pairlist to obtain reproducible results, which can be useful for repeated backtesting sessions. If `seed` is not set, the pairs are shuffled in the non-repeatable random order. ShuffleFilter will automatically detect runmodes and apply the `seed` only for backtesting modes - if a `seed` value is set.
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ This applies across all pairs, unless `only_per_pair` is set to true, which will
Similarly, this protection will by default look at all trades (long and short). For futures bots, setting `only_per_side` will make the bot only consider one side, and will then only lock this one side, allowing for example shorts to continue after a series of long stoplosses.
`required_profit` will determine the required relative profit (or loss) for stoplosses to consider. This should normally not be set and defaults to 0.0 - which means all losing stoplosses will be triggering a block.
The below example stops trading for all pairs for 4 candles after the last trade if the bot hit stoploss 4 times within the last 24 candles.
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Freqtrade is a free and open source crypto trading bot written in Python. It is
- Run: Test your strategy with simulated money (Dry-Run mode) or deploy it with real money (Live-Trade mode).
- Run using Edge (optional module): The concept is to find the best historical [trade expectancy](edge.md#expectancy) by markets based on variation of the stop-loss and then allow/reject markets to trade. The sizing of the trade is based on a risk of a percentage of your capital.
- Control/Monitor: Use Telegram or a WebUI (start/stop the bot, show profit/loss, daily summary, current open trades results, etc.).
- Analyse: Further analysis can be performed on either Backtesting data or Freqtrade trading history (SQL database), including automated standard plots, and methods to load the data into [interactive environments](data-analysis.md).
- Analyze: Further analysis can be performed on either Backtesting data or Freqtrade trading history (SQL database), including automated standard plots, and methods to load the data into [interactive environments](data-analysis.md).
## Supported exchange marketplaces
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ Please read the [exchange specific notes](exchanges.md) to learn about eventual,
- [X] [Binance](https://www.binance.com/)
- [X] [Bittrex](https://bittrex.com/)
- [X] [FTX](https://ftx.com/#a=2258149)
- [X] [Gate.io](https://www.gate.io/ref/6266643)
- [X] [Huobi](http://huobi.com/)
- [X] [Kraken](https://kraken.com/)
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ Please read the [exchange specific notes](exchanges.md) to learn about eventual,
- [X] [Binance](https://www.binance.com/)
- [X] [Gate.io](https://www.gate.io/ref/6266643)
- [X] [OKX](https://okx.com/).
- [X] [OKX](https://okx.com/)
Please make sure to read the [exchange specific notes](exchanges.md), as well as the [trading with leverage](leverage.md) documentation before diving in.
Please only use advanced trading modes when you know how freqtrade (and your strategy) works.
Also, never risk more than what you can afford to lose.
Please read the [strategy migration guide](strategy_migration.md#strategy-migration-between-v2-and-v3) to migrate your strategy from a freqtrade v2 strategy, to v3 strategy that can short and trade futures.
If you already have an existing strategy, please read the [strategy migration guide](strategy_migration.md#strategy-migration-between-v2-and-v3) to migrate your strategy from a freqtrade v2 strategy, to strategy of version 3 which can short and trade futures.
## Shorting
@@ -62,9 +62,19 @@ You will also have to pick a "margin mode" (explanation below) - with freqtrade
"margin_mode": "isolated"
```
##### Pair namings
Freqtrade follows the [ccxt naming conventions for futures](https://docs.ccxt.com/en/latest/manual.html?#perpetual-swap-perpetual-future).
A futures pair will therefore have the naming of `base/quote:settle` (e.g. `ETH/USDT:USDT`).
Binance is currently still an exception to this naming scheme, where pairs are named `ETH/USDT` also for futures markets, but will be aligned as soon as CCXT is ready.
### Margin mode
The possible values are: `isolated`, or `cross`(*currently unavailable*)
On top of `trading_mode` - you will also have to configure your `margin_mode`.
While freqtrade currently only supports one margin mode, this will change, and by configuring it now you're all set for future updates.
The possible values are: `isolated`, or `cross`(*currently unavailable*).
#### Isolated margin mode
@@ -82,6 +92,16 @@ One account is used to share collateral between markets (trading pairs). Margin
"margin_mode": "cross"
```
## Set leverage to use
Different strategies and risk profiles will require different levels of leverage.
While you could configure one static leverage value - freqtrade offers you the flexibility to adjust this via [strategy leverage callback](strategy-callbacks.md#leverage-callback) - which allows you to use different leverages by pair, or based on some other factor benefitting your strategy result.
If not implemented, leverage defaults to 1x (no leverage).
!!! Warning
Higher leverage also equals higher risk - be sure you fully understand the implications of using leverage!
freqtrade provides a mechanism whereby an instance (also called `consumer`) may listen to messages from an upstream freqtrade instance (also called `producer`) using the message websocket. Mainly, `analyzed_df` and `whitelist` messages. This allows the reuse of computed indicators (and signals) for pairs in multiple bots without needing to compute them multiple times.
See [Message Websocket](rest-api.md#message-websocket) in the Rest API docs for setting up the `api_server` configuration for your message websocket (this will be your producer).
!!! Note
We strongly recommend to set `ws_token` to something random and known only to yourself to avoid unauthorized access to your bot.
## Configuration
Enable subscribing to an instance by adding the `external_message_consumer` section to the consumer's config file.
```json
{
//...
"external_message_consumer":{
"enabled":true,
"producers":[
{
"name":"default",// This can be any name you'd like, default is "default"
"host":"127.0.0.1",// The host from your producer's api_server config
"port":8080,// The port from your producer's api_server config
"secure":false,// Use a secure websockets connection, default false
"ws_token":"sercet_Ws_t0ken"// The ws_token from your producer's api_server config
}
],
// The following configurations are optional, and usually not required
// "wait_timeout": 300,
// "ping_timeout": 10,
// "sleep_time": 10,
// "remove_entry_exit_signals": false,
// "message_size_limit": 8
}
//...
}
```
| Parameter | Description |
|------------|-------------|
| `enabled` | **Required.** Enable consumer mode. If set to false, all other settings in this section are ignored.<br>*Defaults to `false`.*<br> **Datatype:** boolean .
| `producers` | **Required.** List of producers <br> **Datatype:** Array.
| `producers.name` | **Required.** Name of this producer. This name must be used in calls to `get_producer_pairs()` and `get_producer_df()` if more than one producer is used.<br> **Datatype:** string
| `producers.host` | **Required.** The hostname or IP address from your producer.<br> **Datatype:** string
| `producers.port` | **Required.** The port matching the above host.<br> **Datatype:** string
| `producers.secure` | **Optional.** Use ssl in websockets connection. Default False.<br> **Datatype:** string
| `producers.ws_token` | **Required.**`ws_token` as configured on the producer.<br> **Datatype:** string
| | **Optional settings**
| `wait_timeout` | Timeout until we ping again if no message is received. <br>*Defaults to `300`.*<br> **Datatype:** Integer - in seconds.
| `wait_timeout` | Ping timeout <br>*Defaults to `10`.*<br> **Datatype:** Integer - in seconds.
| `sleep_time` | Sleep time before retrying to connect.<br>*Defaults to `10`.*<br> **Datatype:** Integer - in seconds.
| `remove_entry_exit_signals` | Remove signal columns from the dataframe (set them to 0) on dataframe receipt.<br>*Defaults to `10`.*<br> **Datatype:** Integer - in seconds.
| `message_size_limit` | Size limit per message<br>*Defaults to `8`.*<br> **Datatype:** Integer - Megabytes.
Instead of (or as well as) calculating indicators in `populate_indicators()` the follower instance listens on the connection to a producer instance's messages (or multiple producer instances in advanced configurations) and requests the producer's most recently analyzed dataframes for each pair in the active whitelist.
A consumer instance will then have a full copy of the analyzed dataframes without the need to calculate them itself.
## Examples
### Example - Producer Strategy
A simple strategy with multiple indicators. No special considerations are required in the strategy itself.
You can use this to setup [FreqAI](freqai.md) on a powerful machine, while you run consumers on simple machines like raspberries, which can interpret the signals generated from the producer in different ways.
### Example - Consumer Strategy
A logically equivalent strategy which calculates no indicators itself, but will have the same analyzed dataframes available to make trading decisions based on the indicators calculated in the producer. In this example the consumer has the same entry criteria, however this is not necessary. The consumer may use different logic to enter/exit trades, and only use the indicators as specified.
```py
classConsumerStrategy(IStrategy):
#...
process_only_new_candles=False# required for consumers
By setting `remove_entry_exit_signals=false`, you can also use the producer's signals directly. They should be available as `enter_long_default` (assuming `suffix="default"` was used) - and can be used as either signal directly, or as additional indicator.
Please make sure to select a very strong, unique password to protect your bot from unauthorized access.
Also change `jwt_secret_key` to something random (no need to remember this, but it'll be used to encrypt your session, so it better be something unique!).
Also change `jwt_secret_key` to something random (no need to remember this, but it'll be used to encrypt your session, so it better be something unique!).
### Configuration with docker
@@ -93,7 +94,6 @@ Make sure that the following 2 lines are available in your docker-compose file:
!!! Danger "Security warning"
By using `8080:8080` in the docker port mapping, the API will be available to everyone connecting to the server under the correct port, so others may be able to control your bot.
| `strategy <strategy>` | Get specific Strategy content. **Alpha**
| `available_pairs` | List available backtest data. **Alpha**
| `version` | Show version.
| `sysinfo` | Show informations about the system load.
| `health` | Show bot health (last bot loop).
!!! Warning "Alpha status"
Endpoints labeled with *Alpha status* above may change at any time without notice.
@@ -227,6 +229,11 @@ forceexit
Force-exit a trade.
:param tradeid: Id of the trade (can be received via status command)
:param ordertype: Order type to use (must be market or limit)
:param amount: Amount to sell. Full sell if not given
health
Provides a quick health check of the running bot.
locks
Return current locks
@@ -267,7 +274,7 @@ reload_config
Reload configuration.
show_config
Returns part of the configuration, relevant for trading operations.
start
@@ -312,12 +319,118 @@ version
whitelist
Show the current whitelist.
```
### Message WebSocket
The API Server includes a websocket endpoint for subscribing to RPC messages from the freqtrade Bot.
This can be used to consume real-time data from your bot, such as entry/exit fill messages, whitelist changes, populated indicators for pairs, and more.
This is also used to setup [Producer/Consumer mode](producer-consumer.md) in Freqtrade.
Assuming your rest API is set to `127.0.0.1` on port `8080`, the endpoint is available at `http://localhost:8080/api/v1/message/ws`.
To access the websocket endpoint, the `ws_token` is required as a query parameter in the endpoint URL.
To generate a safe `ws_token` you can run the following code:
``` python
>>> import secrets
>>> secrets.token_urlsafe(25)
'hZ-y58LXyX_HZ8O1cJzVyN6ePWrLpNQv4Q'
```
You would then add that token under `ws_token` in your `api_server` config. Like so:
You can now connect to the endpoint at `http://localhost:8080/api/v1/message/ws?token=hZ-y58LXyX_HZ8O1cJzVyN6ePWrLpNQv4Q`.
!!! Danger "Reuse of example tokens"
Please do not use the above example token. To make sure you are secure, generate a completely new token.
#### Using the WebSocket
Once connected to the WebSocket, the bot will broadcast RPC messages to anyone who is subscribed to them. To subscribe to a list of messages, you must send a JSON request through the WebSocket like the one below. The `data` key must be a list of message type strings.
``` json
{
"type": "subscribe",
"data": ["whitelist", "analyzed_df"] // A list of string message types
}
```
For a list of message types, please refer to the RPCMessageType enum in `freqtrade/enums/rpcmessagetype.py`
Now anytime those types of RPC messages are sent in the bot, you will receive them through the WebSocket as long as the connection is active. They typically take the same form as the request:
``` json
{
"type": "analyzed_df",
"data": {
"key": ["NEO/BTC", "5m", "spot"],
"df": {}, // The dataframe
"la": "2022-09-08 22:14:41.457786+00:00"
}
}
```
#### Reverse Proxy setup
When using [Nginx](https://nginx.org/en/docs/), the following configuration is required for WebSockets to work (Note this configuration is incomplete, it's missing some information and can not be used as is):
Please make sure to replace `<freqtrade_listen_ip>` (and the subsequent port) with the IP and Port matching your configuration/setup.
```
http {
map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
default upgrade;
'' close;
}
#...
server {
#...
location / {
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_pass http://<freqtrade_listen_ip>:8080;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
}
}
}
```
To properly configure your reverse proxy (securely), please consult it's documentation for proxying websockets.
- **Traefik**: Traefik supports websockets out of the box, see the [documentation](https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/)
- **Caddy**: Caddy v2 supports websockets out of the box, see the [documentation](https://caddyserver.com/docs/v2-upgrade#proxy)
!!! Tip "SSL certificates"
You can use tools like certbot to setup ssl certificates to access your bot's UI through encrypted connection by using any fo the above reverse proxies.
While this will protect your data in transit, we do not recommend to run the freqtrade API outside of your private network (VPN, SSH tunnel).
### OpenAPI interface
To enable the builtin openAPI interface (Swagger UI), specify `"enable_openapi": true` in the api_server configuration.
This will enable the Swagger UI at the `/docs` endpoint. By default, that's running at http://localhost:8080/docs/ - but it'll depend on your settings.
This will enable the Swagger UI at the `/docs` endpoint. By default, that's running at http://localhost:8080/docs - but it'll depend on your settings.
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ Feel free to use a visual Database editor like SqliteBrowser if you feel more co
sudo apt-get install sqlite3
```
### Using sqlite3 via docker-compose
### Using sqlite3 via docker
The freqtrade docker image does contain sqlite3, so you can edit the database without having to install anything on the host system.
``` bash
docker-compose exec freqtrade /bin/bash
dockercompose exec freqtrade /bin/bash
sqlite3 <database-file>.sqlite
```
@@ -89,11 +89,12 @@ WHERE id=31;
If you'd still like to remove a trade from the database directly, you can use the below query.
```sql
DELETE FROM trades WHERE id = <tradeid>;
```
!!! Danger
Some systems (Ubuntu) disable foreign keys in their sqlite3 packaging. When using sqlite - please ensure that foreign keys are on by running `PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON` before the above query.
```sql
DELETE FROM trades WHERE id = <tradeid>;
DELETE FROM trades WHERE id = 31;
```
@@ -102,13 +103,20 @@ DELETE FROM trades WHERE id = 31;
## Use a different database system
Freqtrade is using SQLAlchemy, which supports multiple different database systems. As such, a multitude of database systems should be supported.
Freqtrade does not depend or install any additional database driver. Please refer to the [SQLAlchemy docs](https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/14/core/engines.html#database-urls) on installation instructions for the respective database systems.
The following systems have been tested and are known to work with freqtrade:
* sqlite (default)
* PostgreSQL)
* MariaDB
!!! Warning
By using one of the below database systems, you acknowledge that you know how to manage such a system. Freqtrade will not provide any support with setup or maintenance (or backups) of the below database systems.
By using one of the below database systems, you acknowledge that you know how to manage such a system. The freqtrade team will not provide any support with setup or maintenance (or backups) of the below database systems.
### PostgreSQL
Freqtrade supports PostgreSQL by using SQLAlchemy, which supports multiple different database systems.
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ These modes can be configured with these values:
```
!!! Note
Stoploss on exchange is only supported for Binance (stop-loss-limit), Huobi (stop-limit), Kraken (stop-loss-market, stop-loss-limit), FTX (stop limit and stop-market) Gateio (stop-limit), and Kucoin (stop-limit and stop-market) as of now.
Stoploss on exchange is only supported for Binance (stop-loss-limit), Huobi (stop-limit), Kraken (stop-loss-market, stop-loss-limit), Gateio (stop-limit), and Kucoin (stop-limit and stop-market) as of now.
<ins>Do not set too low/tight stoploss value if using stop loss on exchange!</ins>
If set to low/tight then you have greater risk of missing fill on the order and stoploss will not work.
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ At this stage the bot contains the following stoploss support modes:
2. Trailing stop loss.
3. Trailing stop loss, custom positive loss.
4. Trailing stop loss only once the trade has reached a certain offset.
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ In summary: The stoploss will be adjusted to be always be -10% of the highest ob
### Trailing stop loss, custom positive loss
It is also possible to have a default stop loss, when you are in the red with your buy (buy - fee), but once you hit positive result the system will utilize a new stop loss, which can have a different value.
You could also have a default stop loss when you are in the red with your buy (buy - fee), but once you hit a positive result (or an offset you define) the system will utilize a new stop loss, which can have a different value.
For example, your default stop loss is -10%, but once you have more than 0% profit (example 0.1%) a different trailing stoploss will be used.
!!! Note
@@ -142,6 +142,8 @@ Both values require `trailing_stop` to be set to true and `trailing_stop_positiv
stoploss = -0.10
trailing_stop = True
trailing_stop_positive = 0.02
trailing_stop_positive_offset = 0.0
trailing_only_offset_is_reached = False # Default - not necessary for this example
```
For example, simplified math:
@@ -156,11 +158,31 @@ For example, simplified math:
The 0.02 would translate to a -2% stop loss.
Before this, `stoploss` is used for the trailing stoploss.
!!! Tip "Use an offset to change your stoploss"
Use `trailing_stop_positive_offset` to ensure that your new trailing stoploss will be in profit by setting `trailing_stop_positive_offset` higher than `trailing_stop_positive`. Your first new stoploss value will then already have locked in profits.
Example with simplified math:
``` python
stoploss = -0.10
trailing_stop = True
trailing_stop_positive = 0.02
trailing_stop_positive_offset = 0.03
```
* the bot buys an asset at a price of 100$
* the stop loss is defined at -10%, so the stop loss would get triggered once the asset drops below 90$
* assuming the asset now increases to 102$
* the stoploss will now be at 91.8$ - 10% below the highest observed rate
* assuming the asset now increases to 103.5$ (above the offset configured)
* the stop loss will now be -2% of 103.5$ = 101.43$
* now the asset drops in value to 102\$, the stop loss will still be 101.43$ and would trigger once price breaks below 101.43$
### Trailing stop loss only once the trade has reached a certain offset
It is also possible to use a static stoploss until the offset is reached, and then trail the trade to take profits once the market turns.
You can also keep a static stoploss until the offset is reached, and then trail the trade to take profits once the market turns.
If `"trailing_only_offset_is_reached": true` then the trailing stoploss is only activated once the offset is reached. Until then, the stoploss remains at the configured `stoploss`.
If `trailing_only_offset_is_reached = True` then the trailing stoploss is only activated once the offset is reached. Until then, the stoploss remains at the configured `stoploss`.
This option can be used with or without `trailing_stop_positive`, but uses `trailing_stop_positive_offset` as offset.
``` python
@@ -191,6 +213,18 @@ For example, simplified math:
!!! Tip
Make sure to have this value (`trailing_stop_positive_offset`) lower than minimal ROI, otherwise minimal ROI will apply first and sell the trade.
## Stoploss and Leverage
Stoploss should be thought of as "risk on this trade" - so a stoploss of 10% on a 100$ trade means you are willing to lose 10$ (10%) on this trade - which would trigger if the price moves 10% to the downside.
When using leverage, the same principle is applied - with stoploss defining the risk on the trade (the amount you are willing to lose).
Therefore, a stoploss of 10% on a 10x trade would trigger on a 1% price move.
If your stake amount (own capital) was 100$ - this trade would be 1000$ at 10x (after leverage).
If price moves 1% - you've lost 10$ of your own capital - therfore stoploss will trigger in this case.
Make sure to be aware of this, and avoid using too tight stoploss (at 10x leverage, 10% risk may be too little to allow the trade to "breath" a little).
## Changing stoploss on open trades
A stoploss on an open trade can be changed by changing the value in the configuration or strategy and use the `/reload_config` command (alternatively, completely stopping and restarting the bot also works).
`enter_tag` is limited to 100 characters, remaining data will be truncated.
!!! Warning
There is only one `enter_tag` column, which is used for both long and short trades.
As a consequence, this column must be treated as "last write wins" (it's just a dataframe column after all).
In fancy situations, where multiple signals collide (or if signals are deactivated again based on different conditions), this can lead to odd results with the wrong tag applied to an entry signal.
These results are a consequence of the strategy overwriting prior tags - where the last tag will "stick" and will be the one freqtrade will use.
## Exit tag
Similar to [Buy Tagging](#buy-tag), you can also specify a sell tag.
@@ -224,3 +230,5 @@ for val in self.buy_ema_short.range:
# Append columns to existing dataframe
merged_frame = pd.concat(frames, axis=1)
```
Freqtrade does however also counter this by running `dataframe.copy()` on the dataframe right after the `populate_indicators()` method - so performance implications of this should be low to non-existant.
@@ -158,6 +159,7 @@ The stoploss price can only ever move upwards - if the stoploss value returned f
The method must return a stoploss value (float / number) as a percentage of the current price.
E.g. If the `current_rate` is 200 USD, then returning `0.02` will set the stoploss price 2% lower, at 196 USD.
During backtesting, `current_rate` (and `current_profit`) are provided against the candle's high (or low for short trades) - while the resulting stoploss is evaluated against the candle's low (or high for short trades).
The absolute value of the return value is used (the sign is ignored), so returning `0.05` or `-0.05` have the same result, a stoploss 5% below the current price.
@@ -422,7 +424,7 @@ class AwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
!!! Warning "Backtesting"
Custom prices are supported in backtesting (starting with 2021.12), and orders will fill if the price falls within the candle's low/high range.
Orders that don't fill immediately are subject to regular timeout handling, which happens once per (detail) candle.
`custom_exit_price()` is only called for sells of type exit_signal and Custom exit. All other exit-types will use regular backtesting prices.
`custom_exit_price()` is only called for sells of type exit_signal, Custom exit and partial exits. All other exit-types will use regular backtesting prices.
## Custom order timeout rules
@@ -550,7 +552,8 @@ class AwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
:param pair: Pair that's about to be bought/shorted.
:param order_type: Order type (as configured in order_types). usually limit or market.
:param amount: Amount in target (base) currency that's going to be traded.
:param rate: Rate that's going to be used when using limit orders
:param rate: Rate that's going to be used when using limit orders
or current rate for market orders.
:param time_in_force: Time in force. Defaults to GTC (Good-til-cancelled).
:param current_time: datetime object, containing the current datetime
:param entry_tag: Optional entry_tag (buy_tag) if provided with the buy signal.
@@ -600,6 +603,7 @@ class AwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
:param order_type: Order type (as configured in order_types). usually limit or market.
:param amount: Amount in base currency.
:param rate: Rate that's going to be used when using limit orders
or current rate for market orders.
:param time_in_force: Time in force. Defaults to GTC (Good-til-cancelled).
:param exit_reason: Exit reason.
Can be any of ['roi', 'stop_loss', 'stoploss_on_exchange', 'trailing_stop_loss',
@@ -620,12 +624,13 @@ class AwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
!!! Warning
`confirm_trade_exit()` can prevent stoploss exits, causing significant losses as this would ignore stoploss exits.
`confirm_trade_exit()` will not be called for Liquidations - as liquidations are forced by the exchange, and therefore cannot be rejected.
## Adjust trade position
The `position_adjustment_enable` strategy property enables the usage of `adjust_trade_position()` callback in the strategy.
For performance reasons, it's disabled by default and freqtrade will show a warning message on startup if enabled.
`adjust_trade_position()` can be used to perform additional orders, for example to manage risk with DCA (Dollar Cost Averaging).
`adjust_trade_position()` can be used to perform additional orders, for example to manage risk with DCA (Dollar Cost Averaging) or to increase or decrease positions.
`max_entry_position_adjustment` property is used to limit the number of additional buys per trade (on top of the first buy) that the bot can execute. By default, the value is -1 which means the bot have no limit on number of adjustment buys.
@@ -633,10 +638,13 @@ The strategy is expected to return a stake_amount (in stake currency) between `m
If there are not enough funds in the wallet (the return value is above `max_stake`) then the signal will be ignored.
Additional orders also result in additional fees and those orders don't count towards `max_open_trades`.
This callback is **not** called when there is an open order (either buy or sell) waiting for execution, or when you have reached the maximum amount of extra buys that you have set on `max_entry_position_adjustment`.
This callback is **not** called when there is an open order (either buy or sell) waiting for execution.
`adjust_trade_position()` is called very frequently for the duration of a trade, so you must keep your implementation as performant as possible.
Position adjustments will always be applied in the direction of the trade, so a positive value will always increase your position, no matter if it's a long or short trade. Modifications to leverage are not possible.
Additional Buys are ignored once you have reached the maximum amount of extra buys that you have set on `max_entry_position_adjustment`, but the callback is called anyway looking for partial exits.
Position adjustments will always be applied in the direction of the trade, so a positive value will always increase your position (negative values will decrease your position), no matter if it's a long or short trade. Modifications to leverage are not possible, and the stake-amount is assumed to be before applying leverage.
!!! Note "About stake size"
Using fixed stake size means it will be the amount used for the first order, just like without position adjustment.
@@ -645,12 +653,12 @@ Position adjustments will always be applied in the direction of the trade, so a
!!! Warning
Stoploss is still calculated from the initial opening price, not averaged price.
Regular stoploss rules still apply (cannot move down).
!!! Warning "/stopbuy"
While `/stopbuy` command stops the bot from entering new trades, the position adjustment feature will continue buying new orders on existing trades.
While `/stopentry` command stops the bot from entering new trades, the position adjustment feature will continue buying new orders on existing trades.
!!! Warning "Backtesting"
During backtesting this callback is called for each candle in `timeframe` or `timeframe_detail`, so performance will be affected.
During backtesting this callback is called for each candle in `timeframe` or `timeframe_detail`, so run-time performance will be affected.
``` python
from freqtrade.persistence import Trade
@@ -673,29 +681,49 @@ class DigDeeperStrategy(IStrategy):
# This is called when placing the initial order (opening trade)
* Sell 150@14\$ -> Avg price: 10\$, total realized profit 950\$, 40% <- *This will be the last "Exit" message*
The total profit for this trade was 950$ on a 3350$ investment (`100@8$ + 100@9$ + 150@11$`). As such - the final relative profit is 28.35% (`950 / 3350`).
## Adjust Entry Price
The `adjust_entry_price()` callback may be used by strategy developer to refresh/replace limit orders upon arrival of new candles.
@@ -804,19 +851,23 @@ For markets / exchanges that don't support leverage, this method is ignored.
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ Additional technical libraries can be installed as necessary, or custom indicato
Most indicators have an instable startup period, in which they are either not available (NaN), or the calculation is incorrect. This can lead to inconsistencies, since Freqtrade does not know how long this instable period should be.
To account for this, the strategy can be assigned the `startup_candle_count` attribute.
This should be set to the maximum number of candles that the strategy requires to calculate stable indicators.
This should be set to the maximum number of candles that the strategy requires to calculate stable indicators. In the case where a user includes higher timeframes with informative pairs, the `startup_candle_count` does not necessarily change. The value is the maximum period (in candles) that any of the informatives timeframes need to compute stable indicators.
In this example strategy, this should be set to 100 (`startup_candle_count = 100`), since the longest needed history is 100 candles.
Edit the method `populate_exit_trend()` into your strategy file to update your exit strategy.
Please note that the exit-signal is only used if `use_exit_signal` is set to true in the configuration.
The exit-signal is only used for exits if `use_exit_signal` is set to true in the configuration.
`use_exit_signal` will not influence [signal collision rules](#colliding-signals) - which will still apply and can prevent entries.
It's important to always return the dataframe without removing/modifying the columns `"open", "high", "low", "close", "volume"`, otherwise these fields would contain something unexpected.
@@ -362,9 +363,9 @@ class AwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
timeframe = "1d"
timeframe_mins = timeframe_to_minutes(timeframe)
minimal_roi = {
"0": 0.05, # 5% for the first 3 candles
str(timeframe_mins * 3)): 0.02, # 2% after 3 candles
str(timeframe_mins * 6)): 0.01, # 1% After 6 candles
"0": 0.05, # 5% for the first 3 candles
str(timeframe_mins * 3): 0.02, # 2% after 3 candles
str(timeframe_mins * 6): 0.01, # 1% After 6 candles
}
```
@@ -445,15 +446,17 @@ A full sample can be found [in the DataProvider section](#complete-data-provider
??? Note "Alternative candle types"
Informative_pairs can also provide a 3rd tuple element defining the candle type explicitly.
Availability of alternative candle-types will depend on the trading-mode and the exchange. Details about this can be found in the exchange documentation.
Availability of alternative candle-types will depend on the trading-mode and the exchange.
In general, spot pairs cannot be used in futures markets, and futures candles can't be used as informative pairs for spot bots.
Details about this may vary, if they do, this can be found in the exchange documentation.
``` python
def informative_pairs(self):
return [
("ETH/USDT", "5m", ""), # Uses default candletype, depends on trading_mode
("ETH/USDT", "5m", "spot"), # Forces usage of spot candles
("BTC/TUSD", "15m", "mark"), # Uses mark candles (only bots with `trading_mode=futures`)
]
```
***
@@ -617,9 +620,8 @@ Please always check the mode of operation to select the correct method to get da
### *available_pairs*
``` python
if self.dp:
for pair, timeframe in self.dp.available_pairs:
print(f"available {pair}, {timeframe}")
for pair, timeframe in self.dp.available_pairs:
print(f"available {pair}, {timeframe}")
```
### *current_whitelist()*
@@ -630,7 +632,7 @@ The strategy might look something like this:
*Scan through the top 10 pairs by volume using the `VolumePairList` every 5 minutes and use a 14 day RSI to buy and sell.*
Due to the limited available data, it's very difficult to resample `5m` candles into daily candles for use in a 14 day RSI. Most exchanges limit us to just 500 candles which effectively gives us around 1.74 daily candles. We need 14 days at least!
Due to the limited available data, it's very difficult to resample `5m` candles into daily candles for use in a 14 day RSI. Most exchanges limit us to just 500-1000 candles which effectively gives us around 1.74 daily candles. We need 14 days at least!
Since we can't resample the data we will have to use an informative pair; and since the whitelist will be dynamic we don't know which pair(s) to use.
@@ -646,20 +648,22 @@ This is where calling `self.dp.current_whitelist()` comes in handy.
return informative_pairs
```
??? Note "Plotting with current_whitelist"
Current whitelist is not supported for `plot-dataframe`, as this command is usually used by providing an explicit pairlist - and would therefore make the return values of this method misleading.
### *get_pair_dataframe(pair, timeframe)*
``` python
# fetch live / historical candle (OHLCV) data for the first informative pair
Be careful when using dataprovider in backtesting. `historic_ohlcv()` (and `get_pair_dataframe()`
for the backtesting runmode) provides the full time-range in one go,
so please be aware of it and make sure to not "look into the future" to avoid surprises when running in dry/live mode.
In backtesting, `dp.get_pair_dataframe()` behavior differs depending on where it's called.
Within `populate_*()` methods, `dp.get_pair_dataframe()` returns the full timerange. Please make sure to not "look into the future" to avoid surprises when running in dry/live mode.
Within [callbacks](strategy-callbacks.md), you'll get the full timerange up to the current (simulated) candle.
### *get_analyzed_dataframe(pair, timeframe)*
@@ -668,24 +672,22 @@ It can also be used in specific callbacks to get the signal that caused the acti
Returns an empty dataframe if the requested pair was not cached.
You can check for this with `if dataframe.empty:` and handle this case accordingly.
This should not happen when using whitelisted pairs.
### *orderbook(pair, maximum)*
``` python
if self.dp:
if self.dp.runmode.value in ('live', 'dry_run'):
ob = self.dp.orderbook(metadata['pair'], 1)
dataframe['best_bid'] = ob['bids'][0][0]
dataframe['best_ask'] = ob['asks'][0][0]
if self.dp.runmode.value in ('live', 'dry_run'):
ob = self.dp.orderbook(metadata['pair'], 1)
dataframe['best_bid'] = ob['bids'][0][0]
dataframe['best_ask'] = ob['asks'][0][0]
```
The orderbook structure is aligned with the order structure from [ccxt](https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/wiki/Manual#order-book-structure), so the result will look as follows:
@@ -714,22 +716,38 @@ Therefore, using `ob['bids'][0][0]` as demonstrated above will result in using t
### *ticker(pair)*
``` python
if self.dp:
if self.dp.runmode.value in ('live', 'dry_run'):
ticker = self.dp.ticker(metadata['pair'])
dataframe['last_price'] = ticker['last']
dataframe['volume24h'] = ticker['quoteVolume']
dataframe['vwap'] = ticker['vwap']
if self.dp.runmode.value in ('live', 'dry_run'):
ticker = self.dp.ticker(metadata['pair'])
dataframe['last_price'] = ticker['last']
dataframe['volume24h'] = ticker['quoteVolume']
dataframe['vwap'] = ticker['vwap']
```
!!! Warning
Although the ticker data structure is a part of the ccxt Unified Interface, the values returned by this method can
vary for different exchanges. For instance, many exchanges do not return `vwap` values, the FTX exchange
vary for different exchanges. For instance, many exchanges do not return `vwap` values, some exchanges
does not always fills in the `last` field (so it can be None), etc. So you need to carefully verify the ticker
data returned from the exchange and add appropriate error handling / defaults.
!!! Warning "Warning about backtesting"
This method will always return up-to-date values - so usage during backtesting / hyperopt will lead to wrong results.
This method will always return up-to-date values - so usage during backtesting / hyperopt without runmode checks will lead to wrong results.
### Send Notification
The dataprovider `.send_msg()` function allows you to send custom notifications from your strategy.
Identical notifications will only be sent once per candle, unless the 2nd argument (`always_send`) is set to True.
``` python
self.dp.send_msg(f"{metadata['pair']} just got hot!")
# Force send this notification, avoid caching (Please read warning below!)
self.dp.send_msg(f"{metadata['pair']} just got hot!", always_send=True)
```
Notifications will only be sent in trading modes (Live/Dry-run) - so this method can be called without conditions for backtesting.
!!! Warning "Spamming"
You can spam yourself pretty good by setting `always_send=True` in this method. Use this with great care and only in conditions you know will not happen throughout a candle to avoid a message every 5 seconds.
### Complete Data-provider sample
@@ -809,6 +827,8 @@ Options:
- Merge the dataframe without lookahead bias
- Forward-fill (optional)
For a full sample, please refer to the [complete data provider example](#complete-data-provider-sample) below.
All columns of the informative dataframe will be available on the returning dataframe in a renamed fashion:
Debugging a strategy can be time-consuming. Freqtrade offers helper functions to visualize raw data.
The following assumes you work with SampleStrategy, data for 5m timeframe from Binance and have downloaded them into the data directory in the default location.
Please follow the [documentation](https://www.freqtrade.io/en/stable/data-download/) for more details.
## Setup
### Change Working directory to repository root
```python
importos
frompathlibimportPath
# Change directory
# Modify this cell to insure that the output shows the correct path.
# Define all paths relative to the project root shown in the cell output
*`ignore_buying_expired_candle_after` -> moved to root level instead of "ask_strategy/exit_pricing"
* Terminology changes
* Sell reasons changed to reflect the new naming of "exit" instead of sells. Be careful in your strategy if you're using `exit_reason` checks and eventually update your strategy.
*`sell_signal` -> `exit_signal`
*`custom_sell` -> `custom_exit`
*`force_sell` -> `force_exit`
*`emergency_sell` -> `emergency_exit`
* Order pricing
*`bid_strategy` -> `entry_pricing`
*`ask_strategy` -> `exit_pricing`
*`ask_last_balance` -> `price_last_balance`
*`bid_last_balance` -> `price_last_balance`
* Webhook terminology changed from "sell" to "exit", and from "buy" to entry
*`webhookbuy` -> `webhookentry`
*`webhookbuyfill` -> `webhookentryfill`
*`webhookbuycancel` -> `webhookentrycancel`
*`webhooksell` -> `webhookexit`
*`webhooksellfill` -> `webhookexitfill`
*`webhooksellcancel` -> `webhookexitcancel`
*`webhookbuy` -> `entry`
*`webhookbuyfill` -> `entry_fill`
*`webhookbuycancel` -> `entry_cancel`
*`webhooksell` -> `exit`
*`webhooksellfill` -> `exit_fill`
*`webhooksellcancel` -> `exit_cancel`
* Telegram notification settings
*`buy` -> `entry`
*`buy_fill` -> `entry_fill`
@@ -192,7 +198,7 @@ class AwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
return False
```
### Custom-stake-amount
### `custom_stake_amount`
New string argument `side` - which can be either `"long"` or `"short"`.
@@ -332,8 +338,8 @@ After:
``` python hl_lines="2 3"
order_time_in_force: Dict = {
"entry": "gtc",
"exit": "gtc",
"entry": "GTC",
"exit": "GTC",
}
```
@@ -443,6 +449,7 @@ Please refer to the [pricing documentation](configuration.md#prices-used-for-ord
@@ -77,11 +77,14 @@ Example configuration showing the different settings:
"enabled": true,
"token": "your_telegram_token",
"chat_id": "your_telegram_chat_id",
"allow_custom_messages": true,
"notification_settings": {
"status": "silent",
"warning": "on",
"startup": "off",
"entry": "silent",
"entry_fill": "on",
"entry_cancel": "silent",
"exit": {
"roi": "silent",
"emergency_exit": "on",
@@ -90,14 +93,15 @@ Example configuration showing the different settings:
"trailing_stop_loss": "on",
"stop_loss": "on",
"stoploss_on_exchange": "on",
"custom_exit": "silent"
"custom_exit": "silent",
"partial_exit": "on"
},
"entry_cancel": "silent",
"exit_cancel": "on",
"entry_fill": "off",
"exit_fill": "off",
"protection_trigger": "off",
"protection_trigger_global": "on"
"protection_trigger_global": "on",
"strategy_msg": "off",
"show_candle": "off"
},
"reload": true,
"balance_dust_level": 0.01
@@ -108,9 +112,11 @@ Example configuration showing the different settings:
`exit` notifications are sent when the order is placed, while `exit_fill` notifications are sent when the order is filled on the exchange.
`*_fill` notifications are off by default and must be explicitly enabled.
`protection_trigger` notifications are sent when a protection triggers and `protection_trigger_global` notifications trigger when global protections are triggered.
`strategy_msg` - Receive notifications from the strategy, sent via `self.dp.send_msg()` from the strategy [more details](strategy-customization.md#send-notification).
`show_candle` - show candle values as part of entry/exit messages. Only possible values are `"ohlc"` or `"off"`.
`balance_dust_level` will define what the `/balance` command takes as "dust" - Currencies with a balance below this will be shown.
@@ -158,7 +164,7 @@ official commands. You can ask at any moment for help with `/help`.
|----------|-------------|
| `/start` | Starts the trader
| `/stop` | Stops the trader
| `/stopbuy` | Stops the trader from opening new trades. Gracefully closes open trades according to their rules.
| `/stopbuy | /stopentry` | Stops the trader from opening new trades. Gracefully closes open trades according to their rules.
| `/reload_config` | Reloads the configuration file
| `/show_config` | Shows part of the current configuration with relevant settings to operation
| `/logs [limit]` | Show last log messages.
@@ -171,8 +177,8 @@ official commands. You can ask at any moment for help with `/help`.
| `/locks` | Show currently locked pairs.
| `/unlock <pair or lock_id>` | Remove the lock for this pair (or for this lock id).
| `/profit [<n>]` | Display a summary of your profit/loss from close trades and some stats about your performance, over the last n days (all trades by default)
| `/forceexit <trade_id>` | Instantly exits the given trade (Ignoring `minimum_roi`).
| `/forceexit all` | Instantly exits all open trades (Ignoring `minimum_roi`).
| `/forceexit <trade_id> | /fx <tradeid>` | Instantly exits the given trade (Ignoring `minimum_roi`).
| `/forceexit all | /fx all` | Instantly exits all open trades (Ignoring `minimum_roi`).
| `/fx` | alias for `/forceexit`
| `/forcelong <pair> [rate]` | Instantly buys the given pair. Rate is optional and only applies to limit orders. (`force_entry_enable` must be set to True)
| `/forceshort <pair> [rate]` | Instantly shorts the given pair. Rate is optional and only applies to limit orders. This will only work on non-spot markets. (`force_entry_enable` must be set to True)
@@ -184,7 +190,7 @@ official commands. You can ask at any moment for help with `/help`.
| `/stats` | Shows Wins / losses by Exit reason as well as Avg. holding durations for buys and sells
| `/exits` | Shows Wins / losses by Exit reason as well as Avg. holding durations for buys and sells
| `/entries` | Shows Wins / losses by Exit reason as well as Avg. holding durations for buys and sells
| `/whitelist` | Show the current whitelist
| `/whitelist [sorted] [baseonly]` | Show the current whitelist. Optionally display in alphabetical order and/or with just the base currency of each pairing.
| `/blacklist [pair]` | Show the current blacklist, or adds a pair to the blacklist.
| `/edge` | Show validated pairs by Edge if it is enabled.
| `/help` | Show help message
@@ -222,16 +228,16 @@ Once all positions are sold, run `/stop` to completely stop the bot.
For each open trade, the bot will send you the following message.
Enter Tag is configurable via Strategy.
> **Trade ID:** `123` `(since 1 days ago)`
> **Current Pair:** CVC/BTC
> **Trade ID:** `123` `(since 1 days ago)`
> **Current Pair:** CVC/BTC
> **Direction:** Long
> **Leverage:** 1.0
> **Amount:** `26.64180098`
> **Amount:** `26.64180098`
> **Enter Tag:** Awesome Long Signal
> **Open Rate:** `0.00007489`
> **Current Rate:** `0.00007489`
> **Current Profit:** `12.95%`
> **Stoploss:** `0.00007389 (-0.02%)`
> **Open Rate:** `0.00007489`
> **Current Rate:** `0.00007489`
> **Current Profit:** `12.95%`
> **Stoploss:** `0.00007389 (-0.02%)`
### /status table
@@ -258,22 +264,27 @@ current max
Return a summary of your profit/loss and performance.
> **ROI:** Close trades
> ∙ `0.00485701 BTC (2.2%) (15.2 Σ%)`
> ∙ `62.968 USD`
> **ROI:** All trades
> ∙ `0.00255280 BTC (1.5%) (6.43 Σ%)`
> ∙ `33.095 EUR`
>
> **Total Trade Count:** `138`
> **First Trade opened:** `3 days ago`
> **Latest Trade opened:** `2 minutes ago`
> **Avg. Duration:** `2:33:45`
> **Best Performing:** `PAY/BTC: 50.23%`
> **ROI:** Close trades
> ∙ `0.00485701 BTC (2.2%) (15.2 Σ%)`
> ∙ `62.968 USD`
> **ROI:** All trades
> ∙ `0.00255280 BTC (1.5%) (6.43 Σ%)`
> ∙ `33.095 EUR`
>
> **Total Trade Count:** `138`
> **First Trade opened:** `3 days ago`
> **Latest Trade opened:** `2 minutes ago`
> **Avg. Duration:** `2:33:45`
> **Best Performing:** `PAY/BTC: 50.23%`
> **Trading volume:** `0.5 BTC`
> **Profit factor:** `1.04`
> **Max Drawdown:** `9.23% (0.01255 BTC)`
The relative profit of `1.2%` is the average profit per trade.
The relative profit of `1.2%` is the average profit per trade.
The relative profit of `15.2 Σ%` is be based on the starting capital - so in this case, the starting capital was `0.00485701 * 1.152 = 0.00738 BTC`.
Starting capital is either taken from the `available_capital` setting, or calculated by using current wallet size - profits.
Profit Factor is calculated as gross profits / gross losses - and should serve as an overall metric for the strategy.
Max drawdown corresponds to the backtesting metric `Absolute Drawdown (Account)` - calculated as `(Absolute Drawdown) / (DrawdownHigh + startingBalance)`.
### /forceexit <trade_id>
@@ -281,6 +292,7 @@ Starting capital is either taken from the `available_capital` setting, or calcul
!!! Tip
You can get a list of all open trades by calling `/forceexit` without parameter, which will show a list of buttons to simply exit a trade.
This command has an alias in `/fx` - which has the same capabilities, but is faster to type in "emergency" situations.
@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ To update your freqtrade installation, please use one of the below methods, corr
Breaking changes / changed behavior will be documented in the changelog that is posted alongside every release.
For the develop branch, please follow PR's to avoid being surprised by changes.
## docker-compose
## docker
!!! Note "Legacy installations using the `master` image"
We're switching from master to stable for the release Images - please adjust your docker-file and replace `freqtradeorg/freqtrade:master` with `freqtradeorg/freqtrade:stable`
``` bash
docker-compose pull
docker-compose up -d
dockercompose pull
dockercompose up -d
```
## Installation via setup script
@@ -32,4 +32,17 @@ Please ensure that you're also updating dependencies - otherwise things might br
``` bash
git pull
pip install -U -r requirements.txt
pip install -e .
# Ensure freqUI is at the latest version
freqtrade install-ui
```
### Problems updating
Update-problems usually come missing dependencies (you didn't follow the above instructions) - or from updated dependencies, which fail to install (for example TA-lib).
Please refer to the corresponding installation sections (common problems linked below)
Common problems and their solutions:
* [ta-lib update on windows](windows_installation.md#2-install-ta-lib)
Use the `list-freqaimodels` subcommand to see all freqAI models available.
This subcommand is useful for finding problems in your environment with loading freqAI models: modules with models that contain errors and failed to load are printed in red (LOAD FAILED), while models with duplicate names are printed in yellow (DUPLICATE NAME).
-v, --verbose Verbose mode (-vv for more, -vvv to get all messages).
-c PATH, --config PATH
Specify configuration file (default:
@@ -611,6 +648,26 @@ Common arguments:
```
### Webserver mode - docker
You can also use webserver mode via docker.
Starting a one-off container requires the configuration of the port explicitly, as ports are not exposed by default.
You can use `docker compose run --rm -p 127.0.0.1:8080:8080 freqtrade webserver` to start a one-off container that'll be removed once you stop it. This assumes that port 8080 is still available and no other bot is running on that port.
Alternatively, you can reconfigure the docker-compose file to have the command updated:
``` yml
command: >
webserver
--config /freqtrade/user_data/config.json
```
You can now use `docker compose up` to start the webserver.
This assumes that the configuration has a webserver enabled and configured for docker (listening port = `0.0.0.0`).
!!! Tip
Don't forget to reset the command back to the trade command if you want to start a live or dry-run bot.
## Show previous Backtest results
Allows you to show previous backtest results.
@@ -651,6 +708,66 @@ Common arguments:
```
## Detailed backtest analysis
Advanced backtest result analysis.
More details in the [Backtesting analysis](advanced-backtesting.md#analyze-the-buyentry-and-sellexit-tags) Section.
@@ -88,17 +88,30 @@ Optional parameters are available to enable automatic retries for webhook messag
"url":"https://<YOURHOOKURL>",
"retries":3,
"retry_delay":0.2,
"webhookstatus":{
"status":{
"status":"Status: {status}"
}
},
```
Custom messages can be sent to Webhook endpoints via the `self.dp.send_msg()` function from within the strategy. To enable this, set the `allow_custom_messages` option to `true`:
```json
"webhook":{
"enabled":true,
"url":"https://<YOURHOOKURL>",
"allow_custom_messages":true,
"strategy_msg":{
"status":"StrategyMessage: {msg}"
}
},
```
Different payloads can be configured for different events. Not all fields are necessary, but you should configure at least one of the dicts, otherwise the webhook will never be called.
### Webhookentry
### Entry
The fields in `webhook.webhookentry` are filled when the bot executes a long/short. Parameters are filled using string.format.
The fields in `webhook.entry` are filled when the bot executes a long/short. Parameters are filled using string.format.
Possible parameters are:
*`trade_id`
@@ -118,9 +131,9 @@ Possible parameters are:
*`current_rate`
*`enter_tag`
### Webhookentrycancel
### Entrycancel
The fields in `webhook.webhookentrycancel` are filled when the bot cancels a long/short order. Parameters are filled using string.format.
The fields in `webhook.entry_cancel` are filled when the bot cancels a long/short order. Parameters are filled using string.format.
Possible parameters are:
*`trade_id`
@@ -139,9 +152,9 @@ Possible parameters are:
*`current_rate`
*`enter_tag`
### Webhookentryfill
### Entryfill
The fields in `webhook.webhookentryfill` are filled when the bot filled a long/short order. Parameters are filled using string.format.
The fields in `webhook.entry_fill` are filled when the bot filled a long/short order. Parameters are filled using string.format.
Possible parameters are:
*`trade_id`
@@ -160,9 +173,9 @@ Possible parameters are:
*`current_rate`
*`enter_tag`
### Webhookexit
### Exit
The fields in `webhook.webhookexit` are filled when the bot exits a trade. Parameters are filled using string.format.
The fields in `webhook.exit` are filled when the bot exits a trade. Parameters are filled using string.format.
Possible parameters are:
*`trade_id`
@@ -184,9 +197,9 @@ Possible parameters are:
*`open_date`
*`close_date`
### Webhookexitfill
### Exitfill
The fields in `webhook.webhookexitfill` are filled when the bot fills a exit order (closes a Trade). Parameters are filled using string.format.
The fields in `webhook.exit_fill` are filled when the bot fills a exit order (closes a Trade). Parameters are filled using string.format.
Possible parameters are:
*`trade_id`
@@ -209,9 +222,9 @@ Possible parameters are:
*`open_date`
*`close_date`
### Webhookexitcancel
### Exitcancel
The fields in `webhook.webhookexitcancel` are filled when the bot cancels a exit order. Parameters are filled using string.format.
The fields in `webhook.exit_cancel` are filled when the bot cancels a exit order. Parameters are filled using string.format.
Possible parameters are:
*`trade_id`
@@ -234,8 +247,66 @@ Possible parameters are:
*`open_date`
*`close_date`
### Webhookstatus
### Status
The fields in `webhook.webhookstatus` are used for regular status messages (Started / Stopped / ...). Parameters are filled using string.format.
The fields in `webhook.status` are used for regular status messages (Started / Stopped / ...). Parameters are filled using string.format.
The only possible value here is `{status}`.
## Discord
A special form of webhooks is available for discord.
The above represents the default (`exit_fill` and `entry_fill` are optional and will default to the above configuration) - modifications are obviously possible.
Available fields correspond to the fields for webhooks and are documented in the corresponding webhook sections.
The notifications will look as follows by default.
Custom messages can be sent from a strategy to Discord endpoints via the dataprovider.send_msg() function. To enable this, set the `allow_custom_messages` option to `true`:
We **strongly** recommend that Windows users use [Docker](docker_quickstart.md) as this will work much easier and smoother (also more secure).
If that is not possible, try using the Windows Linux subsystem (WSL) - for which the Ubuntu instructions should work.
Otherwise, try the instructions below.
Otherwise, please follow the instructions below.
## Install freqtrade manually
!!! Note
Make sure to use 64bit Windows and 64bit Python to avoid problems with backtesting or hyperopt due to the memory constraints 32bit applications have under Windows.
!!! Note "64bit Python version"
Please make sure to use 64bit Windows and 64bit Python to avoid problems with backtesting or hyperopt due to the memory constraints 32bit applications have under Windows.
32bit python versions are no longer supported under Windows.
!!! Hint
Using the [Anaconda Distribution](https://www.anaconda.com/distribution/) under Windows can greatly help with installation problems. Check out the [Anaconda installation section](installation.md#Anaconda) in this document for more information.
Using the [Anaconda Distribution](https://www.anaconda.com/distribution/) under Windows can greatly help with installation problems. Check out the [Anaconda installation section](installation.md#installation-with-conda) in the documentation for more information.
Install ta-lib according to the [ta-lib documentation](https://github.com/mrjbq7/ta-lib#windows).
As compiling from source on windows has heavy dependencies (requires a partial visual studio installation), there is also a repository of unofficial pre-compiled windows Wheels [here](https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#ta-lib), which need to be downloaded and installed using `pip install TA_Lib-0.4.24-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl` (make sure to use the version matching your python version).
As compiling from source on windows has heavy dependencies (requires a partial visual studio installation), there is also a repository of unofficial pre-compiled windows Wheels [here](https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#ta-lib), which need to be downloaded and installed using `pip install TA_Lib-0.4.25-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl` (make sure to use the version matching your python version).
Freqtrade provides these dependencies for the latest 3 Python versions (3.8, 3.9 and 3.10) and for 64bit Windows.
Other versions must be downloaded from the above link.
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ python -m venv .env
.env\Scripts\activate.ps1
# optionally install ta-lib from wheel
# Eventually adjust the below filename to match the downloaded wheel
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