stable/docs/bot-basics.md
2021-03-24 18:26:03 +02:00

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# Freqtrade basics
This page provides you some basic concepts on how Freqtrade works and operates.
## Freqtrade terminology
* **Strategy**: Your trading strategy, telling the bot what to do.
* **Trade**: Open position.
* **Open Order**: Order which is currently placed on the exchange, and is not yet complete.
* **Pair**: Tradable pair, usually in the format of Quote/Base (e.g. XRP/USDT).
* **Timeframe**: Candle length to use (e.g. `"5m"`, `"1h"`, ...).
* **Indicators**: Technical indicators (SMA, EMA, RSI, ...).
* **Limit order**: Limit orders which execute at the defined limit price or better.
* **Market order**: Guaranteed to fill, may move price depending on the order size.
## Fee handling
All profit calculations of Freqtrade include fees. For Backtesting / Hyperopt / Dry-run modes, the exchange default fee is used (lowest tier on the exchange). For live operations, fees are used as applied by the exchange (this includes BNB rebates etc.).
## Bot execution logic
Starting freqtrade in dry-run or live mode (using `freqtrade trade`) will start the bot and start the bot iteration loop.
By default, loop runs every few seconds (`internals.process_throttle_secs`) and does roughly the following in the following sequence:
* Fetch open trades from persistence.
* Calculate current list of tradable pairs.
* Download ohlcv data for the pairlist including all [informative pairs](strategy-customization.md#get-data-for-non-tradeable-pairs)
This step is only executed once per Candle to avoid unnecessary network traffic.
* Call `bot_loop_start()` strategy callback.
* Analyze strategy per pair.
* Call `populate_indicators()`
* Call `populate_buy_trend()`
* Call `populate_sell_trend()`
* Check timeouts for open orders.
* Calls `check_buy_timeout()` strategy callback for open buy orders.
* Calls `check_sell_timeout()` strategy callback for open sell orders.
* Verifies existing positions and eventually places sell orders.
* Considers stoploss, ROI and sell-signal.
* Determine sell-price based on `ask_strategy` configuration setting.
* Before a sell order is placed, `confirm_trade_exit()` strategy callback is called.
* Check if trade-slots are still available (if `max_open_trades` is reached).
* Verifies buy signal trying to enter new positions.
* Determine buy-price based on `bid_strategy` configuration setting.
* Before a buy order is placed, `confirm_trade_entry()` strategy callback is called.
This loop will be repeated again and again until the bot is stopped.
## Backtesting / Hyperopt execution logic
[backtesting](backtesting.md) or [hyperopt](hyperopt.md) do only part of the above logic, since most of the trading operations are fully simulated.
* Load historic data for configured pairlist.
* Calls `bot_loop_start()` once.
* Calculate indicators (calls `populate_indicators()` once per pair).
* Calculate buy / sell signals (calls `populate_buy_trend()` and `populate_sell_trend()` once per pair)
* Confirm trade buy / sell (calls `confirm_trade_entry()` and `confirm_trade_exit()` if implemented in the strategy)
* Loops per candle simulating entry and exit points.
* Generate backtest report output
!!! Note
Both Backtesting and Hyperopt include exchange default Fees in the calculation. Custom fees can be passed to backtesting / hyperopt by specifying the `--fee` argument.