stable/tests/optimize/test_hyperopt.py

# pragma pylint: disable=missing-docstring,W0212,C0103
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from pathlib import Path
from unittest.mock import ANY, MagicMock, PropertyMock

import pandas as pd
import pytest
from arrow import Arrow
from filelock import Timeout

from freqtrade.commands.optimize_commands import setup_optimize_configuration, start_hyperopt
from freqtrade.data.history import load_data
from freqtrade.enums import ExitType, RunMode
from freqtrade.exceptions import OperationalException
from freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt import Hyperopt
from freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt_auto import HyperOptAuto
from freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt_tools import HyperoptTools
from freqtrade.optimize.optimize_reports import generate_strategy_stats
from freqtrade.optimize.space import SKDecimal
from freqtrade.strategy import IntParameter
from tests.conftest import (CURRENT_TEST_STRATEGY, get_args, get_markets, log_has, log_has_re,
                            patch_exchange, patched_configuration_load_config_file)


def generate_result_metrics():
    return {
        'trade_count': 1,
        'total_trades': 1,
        'avg_profit': 0.1,
        'total_profit': 0.001,
        'profit': 0.01,
        'duration': 20.0,
        'wins': 1,
        'draws': 0,
        'losses': 0,
        'profit_mean': 0.01,
        'profit_total_abs': 0.001,
        'profit_total': 0.01,
        'holding_avg': timedelta(minutes=20),
        'max_drawdown': 0.001,
        'max_drawdown_abs': 0.001,
        'loss': 0.001,
        'is_initial_point': 0.001,
        'is_random': False,
        'is_best': 1,
    }


def test_setup_hyperopt_configuration_without_arguments(mocker, default_conf, caplog) -> None:
    patched_configuration_load_config_file(mocker, default_conf)

    args = [
        'hyperopt',
        '--config', 'config.json',
        '--strategy', 'HyperoptableStrategy',
    ]

    config = setup_optimize_configuration(get_args(args), RunMode.HYPEROPT)
    assert 'max_open_trades' in config
    assert 'stake_currency' in config
    assert 'stake_amount' in config
    assert 'exchange' in config
    assert 'pair_whitelist' in config['exchange']
    assert 'datadir' in config
    assert log_has('Using data directory: {} ...'.format(config['datadir']), caplog)
    assert 'timeframe' in config

    assert 'position_stacking' not in config
    assert not log_has('Parameter --enable-position-stacking detected ...', caplog)

    assert 'timerange' not in config
    assert 'runmode' in config
    assert config['runmode'] == RunMode.HYPEROPT


def test_setup_hyperopt_configuration_with_arguments(mocker, default_conf, caplog) -> None:
    patched_configuration_load_config_file(mocker, default_conf)
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.configuration.configuration.create_datadir',
        lambda c, x: x
    )

    args = [
        'hyperopt',
        '--config', 'config.json',
        '--strategy', 'HyperoptableStrategy',
        '--datadir', '/foo/bar',
        '--timeframe', '1m',
        '--timerange', ':100',
        '--enable-position-stacking',
        '--disable-max-market-positions',
        '--epochs', '1000',
        '--spaces', 'default',
        '--print-all'
    ]

    config = setup_optimize_configuration(get_args(args), RunMode.HYPEROPT)
    assert 'max_open_trades' in config
    assert 'stake_currency' in config
    assert 'stake_amount' in config
    assert 'exchange' in config
    assert 'pair_whitelist' in config['exchange']
    assert 'datadir' in config
    assert config['runmode'] == RunMode.HYPEROPT

    assert log_has('Using data directory: {} ...'.format(config['datadir']), caplog)
    assert 'timeframe' in config
    assert log_has('Parameter -i/--timeframe detected ... Using timeframe: 1m ...',
                   caplog)

    assert 'position_stacking' in config
    assert log_has('Parameter --enable-position-stacking detected ...', caplog)

    assert 'use_max_market_positions' in config
    assert log_has('Parameter --disable-max-market-positions detected ...', caplog)
    assert log_has('max_open_trades set to unlimited ...', caplog)

    assert 'timerange' in config
    assert log_has('Parameter --timerange detected: {} ...'.format(config['timerange']), caplog)

    assert 'epochs' in config
    assert log_has('Parameter --epochs detected ... Will run Hyperopt with for 1000 epochs ...',
                   caplog)

    assert 'spaces' in config
    assert log_has('Parameter -s/--spaces detected: {}'.format(config['spaces']), caplog)
    assert 'print_all' in config
    assert log_has('Parameter --print-all detected ...', caplog)


def test_setup_hyperopt_configuration_stake_amount(mocker, default_conf) -> None:

    patched_configuration_load_config_file(mocker, default_conf)

    args = [
        'hyperopt',
        '--config', 'config.json',
        '--strategy', 'HyperoptableStrategy',
        '--stake-amount', '1',
        '--starting-balance', '2'
    ]
    conf = setup_optimize_configuration(get_args(args), RunMode.HYPEROPT)
    assert isinstance(conf, dict)

    args = [
        'hyperopt',
        '--config', 'config.json',
        '--strategy', CURRENT_TEST_STRATEGY,
        '--stake-amount', '1',
        '--starting-balance', '0.5'
    ]
    with pytest.raises(OperationalException, match=r"Starting balance .* smaller .*"):
        setup_optimize_configuration(get_args(args), RunMode.HYPEROPT)


def test_start_not_installed(mocker, default_conf, import_fails) -> None:
    start_mock = MagicMock()
    patched_configuration_load_config_file(mocker, default_conf)

    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt.start', start_mock)
    patch_exchange(mocker)

    args = [
        'hyperopt',
        '--config', 'config.json',
        '--strategy', 'HyperoptableStrategy',
        '--epochs', '5',
        '--hyperopt-loss', 'SharpeHyperOptLossDaily',
    ]
    pargs = get_args(args)

    with pytest.raises(OperationalException, match=r"Please ensure that the hyperopt dependencies"):
        start_hyperopt(pargs)


def test_start_no_hyperopt_allowed(mocker, hyperopt_conf, caplog) -> None:
    start_mock = MagicMock()
    patched_configuration_load_config_file(mocker, hyperopt_conf)
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt.start', start_mock)
    patch_exchange(mocker)

    args = [
        'hyperopt',
        '--config', 'config.json',
        '--hyperopt', 'HyperoptTestSepFile',
        '--hyperopt-loss', 'SharpeHyperOptLossDaily',
        '--epochs', '5'
    ]
    pargs = get_args(args)
    with pytest.raises(OperationalException, match=r"Using separate Hyperopt files has been.*"):
        start_hyperopt(pargs)


def test_start_no_data(mocker, hyperopt_conf, tmpdir) -> None:
    hyperopt_conf['user_data_dir'] = Path(tmpdir)
    patched_configuration_load_config_file(mocker, hyperopt_conf)
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.data.history.load_pair_history', MagicMock(return_value=pd.DataFrame))
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
        MagicMock(return_value=(datetime(2017, 12, 10), datetime(2017, 12, 13)))
    )

    patch_exchange(mocker)
    args = [
        'hyperopt',
        '--config', 'config.json',
        '--strategy', 'HyperoptableStrategy',
        '--hyperopt-loss', 'SharpeHyperOptLossDaily',
        '--epochs', '5'
    ]
    pargs = get_args(args)
    with pytest.raises(OperationalException, match='No data found. Terminating.'):
        start_hyperopt(pargs)

    # Cleanup since that failed hyperopt start leaves a lockfile.
    try:
        Path(Hyperopt.get_lock_filename(hyperopt_conf)).unlink()
    except Exception:
        pass


def test_start_filelock(mocker, hyperopt_conf, caplog) -> None:
    hyperopt_mock = MagicMock(side_effect=Timeout(Hyperopt.get_lock_filename(hyperopt_conf)))
    patched_configuration_load_config_file(mocker, hyperopt_conf)
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt.__init__', hyperopt_mock)
    patch_exchange(mocker)

    args = [
        'hyperopt',
        '--config', 'config.json',
        '--strategy', 'HyperoptableStrategy',
        '--hyperopt-loss', 'SharpeHyperOptLossDaily',
        '--epochs', '5'
    ]
    pargs = get_args(args)
    start_hyperopt(pargs)
    assert log_has("Another running instance of freqtrade Hyperopt detected.", caplog)


def test_log_results_if_loss_improves(hyperopt, capsys) -> None:
    hyperopt.current_best_loss = 2
    hyperopt.total_epochs = 2

    hyperopt.print_results(
        {
            'loss': 1,
            'results_metrics': generate_result_metrics(),
            'total_profit': 0,
            'current_epoch': 2,  # This starts from 1 (in a human-friendly manner)
            'is_initial_point': False,
            'is_random': False,
            'is_best': True
        }
    )
    out, err = capsys.readouterr()
    assert all(x in out
               for x in ["Best", "2/2", " 1", "0.10%", "0.00100000 BTC    (1.00%)", "00:20:00"])


def test_no_log_if_loss_does_not_improve(hyperopt, caplog) -> None:
    hyperopt.current_best_loss = 2
    hyperopt.print_results(
        {
            'is_best': False,
            'loss': 3,
            'current_epoch': 1,
        }
    )
    assert caplog.record_tuples == []


def test_roi_table_generation(hyperopt) -> None:
    params = {
        'roi_t1': 5,
        'roi_t2': 10,
        'roi_t3': 15,
        'roi_p1': 1,
        'roi_p2': 2,
        'roi_p3': 3,
    }

    assert hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table(params) == {0: 6, 15: 3, 25: 1, 30: 0}


def test_params_no_optimize_details(hyperopt) -> None:
    hyperopt.config['spaces'] = ['buy']
    res = hyperopt._get_no_optimize_details()
    assert isinstance(res, dict)
    assert "trailing" in res
    assert res["trailing"]['trailing_stop'] is False
    assert "roi" in res
    assert res['roi']['0'] == 0.04
    assert "stoploss" in res
    assert res['stoploss']['stoploss'] == -0.1
    assert "max_open_trades" in res
    assert res['max_open_trades']['max_open_trades'] == 1


def test_start_calls_optimizer(mocker, hyperopt_conf, capsys) -> None:
    dumper = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.dump')
    dumper2 = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt._save_result')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.calculate_market_change', return_value=1.5)
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.file_dump_json')

    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.backtesting.Backtesting.load_bt_data',
                 MagicMock(return_value=(MagicMock(), None)))
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
        MagicMock(return_value=(datetime(2017, 12, 10), datetime(2017, 12, 13)))
    )

    parallel = mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt.run_optimizer_parallel',
        MagicMock(return_value=[{
            'loss': 1, 'results_explanation': 'foo result',
            'params': {'buy': {}, 'sell': {}, 'roi': {}, 'stoploss': 0.0},
            'results_metrics': generate_result_metrics(),
        }])
    )
    patch_exchange(mocker)
    # Co-test loading timeframe from strategy
    del hyperopt_conf['timeframe']

    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.advise_all_indicators = MagicMock()
    hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table = MagicMock(return_value={})

    hyperopt.start()

    parallel.assert_called_once()

    out, err = capsys.readouterr()
    assert 'Best result:\n\n*    1/1: foo result Objective: 1.00000\n' in out
    # Should be called for historical candle data
    assert dumper.call_count == 1
    assert dumper2.call_count == 1
    assert hasattr(hyperopt.backtesting.strategy, "advise_exit")
    assert hasattr(hyperopt.backtesting.strategy, "advise_entry")
    assert hasattr(hyperopt, "max_open_trades")
    assert hyperopt.max_open_trades == hyperopt_conf['max_open_trades']
    assert hasattr(hyperopt.backtesting, "_position_stacking")


def test_hyperopt_format_results(hyperopt):

    bt_result = {
        'results': pd.DataFrame({"pair": ["UNITTEST/BTC", "UNITTEST/BTC",
                                          "UNITTEST/BTC", "UNITTEST/BTC"],
                                 "profit_ratio": [0.003312, 0.010801, 0.013803, 0.002780],
                                 "profit_abs": [0.000003, 0.000011, 0.000014, 0.000003],
                                 "open_date": [Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 19, 32, 00).datetime,
                                               Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 21, 36, 00).datetime,
                                               Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 22, 12, 00).datetime,
                                               Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 22, 44, 00).datetime],
                                 "close_date": [Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 21, 35, 00).datetime,
                                                Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 22, 10, 00).datetime,
                                                Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 22, 43, 00).datetime,
                                                Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 22, 58, 00).datetime],
                                 "open_rate": [0.002543, 0.003003, 0.003089, 0.003214],
                                 "close_rate": [0.002546, 0.003014, 0.003103, 0.003217],
                                 "trade_duration": [123, 34, 31, 14],
                                 "is_open": [False, False, False, True],
                                 "is_short": [False, False, False, False],
                                 "stake_amount": [0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01],
                                 "exit_reason": [ExitType.ROI, ExitType.STOP_LOSS,
                                                 ExitType.ROI, ExitType.FORCE_EXIT]
                                 }),
        'config': hyperopt.config,
        'locks': [],
        'final_balance': 0.02,
        'rejected_signals': 2,
        'timedout_entry_orders': 0,
        'timedout_exit_orders': 0,
        'canceled_trade_entries': 0,
        'canceled_entry_orders': 0,
        'replaced_entry_orders': 0,
        'backtest_start_time': 1619718665,
        'backtest_end_time': 1619718665,
    }
    results_metrics = generate_strategy_stats(['XRP/BTC'], '', bt_result,
                                              Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 19, 32, 00),
                                              Arrow(2017, 12, 14, 19, 32, 00), market_change=0)

    results_explanation = HyperoptTools.format_results_explanation_string(results_metrics, 'BTC')
    total_profit = results_metrics['profit_total_abs']

    results = {
        'loss': 0.0,
        'params_dict': None,
        'params_details': None,
        'results_metrics': results_metrics,
        'results_explanation': results_explanation,
        'total_profit': total_profit,
        'current_epoch': 1,
        'is_initial_point': True,
    }

    result = HyperoptTools._format_explanation_string(results, 1)
    assert ' 0.71%' in result
    assert 'Total profit  0.00003100 BTC' in result
    assert '0:50:00 min' in result


def test_populate_indicators(hyperopt, testdatadir) -> None:
    data = load_data(testdatadir, '1m', ['UNITTEST/BTC'], fill_up_missing=True)
    dataframes = hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.advise_all_indicators(data)
    dataframe = dataframes['UNITTEST/BTC']

    # Check if some indicators are generated. We will not test all of them
    assert 'adx' in dataframe
    assert 'macd' in dataframe
    assert 'rsi' in dataframe


def test_generate_optimizer(mocker, hyperopt_conf) -> None:
    hyperopt_conf.update({'spaces': 'all',
                          'hyperopt_min_trades': 1,
                          })

    backtest_result = {
        'results': pd.DataFrame({"pair": ["UNITTEST/BTC", "UNITTEST/BTC",
                                          "UNITTEST/BTC", "UNITTEST/BTC"],
                                 "profit_ratio": [0.003312, 0.010801, 0.013803, 0.002780],
                                 "profit_abs": [0.000003, 0.000011, 0.000014, 0.000003],
                                 "open_date": [Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 19, 32, 00).datetime,
                                               Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 21, 36, 00).datetime,
                                               Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 22, 12, 00).datetime,
                                               Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 22, 44, 00).datetime],
                                 "close_date": [Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 21, 35, 00).datetime,
                                                Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 22, 10, 00).datetime,
                                                Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 22, 43, 00).datetime,
                                                Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 22, 58, 00).datetime],
                                 "open_rate": [0.002543, 0.003003, 0.003089, 0.003214],
                                 "close_rate": [0.002546, 0.003014, 0.003103, 0.003217],
                                 "trade_duration": [123, 34, 31, 14],
                                 "is_open": [False, False, False, True],
                                 "is_short": [False, False, False, False],
                                 "stake_amount": [0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01],
                                 "exit_reason": [ExitType.ROI, ExitType.STOP_LOSS,
                                                 ExitType.ROI, ExitType.FORCE_EXIT]
                                 }),
        'config': hyperopt_conf,
        'locks': [],
        'rejected_signals': 20,
        'timedout_entry_orders': 0,
        'timedout_exit_orders': 0,
        'canceled_trade_entries': 0,
        'canceled_entry_orders': 0,
        'replaced_entry_orders': 0,
        'final_balance': 1000,
    }

    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Backtesting.backtest', return_value=backtest_result)
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
                 return_value=(Arrow(2017, 12, 10), Arrow(2017, 12, 13)))
    patch_exchange(mocker)
    mocker.patch.object(Path, 'open')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.configuration.config_validation.validate_config_schema')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.load', return_value={'XRP/BTC': None})

    optimizer_param = {
        'buy_plusdi': 0.02,
        'buy_rsi': 35,
        'sell_minusdi': 0.02,
        'sell_rsi': 75,
        'protection_cooldown_lookback': 20,
        'protection_enabled': True,
        'roi_t1': 60.0,
        'roi_t2': 30.0,
        'roi_t3': 20.0,
        'roi_p1': 0.01,
        'roi_p2': 0.01,
        'roi_p3': 0.1,
        'stoploss': -0.4,
        'trailing_stop': True,
        'trailing_stop_positive': 0.02,
        'trailing_stop_positive_offset_p1': 0.05,
        'trailing_only_offset_is_reached': False,
        'max_open_trades': 3,
    }
    response_expected = {
        'loss': 1.9147239021396234,
        'results_explanation': ('     4 trades. 4/0/0 Wins/Draws/Losses. '
                                'Avg profit   0.77%. Median profit   0.71%. Total profit  '
                                '0.00003100 BTC (   0.00%). '
                                'Avg duration 0:50:00 min.'
                                ),
        'params_details': {'buy': {'buy_plusdi': 0.02,
                                   'buy_rsi': 35,
                                   },
                           'roi': {"0": 0.12000000000000001,
                                   "20.0": 0.02,
                                   "50.0": 0.01,
                                   "110.0": 0},
                           'protection': {'protection_cooldown_lookback': 20,
                                          'protection_enabled': True,
                                          },
                           'sell': {'sell_minusdi': 0.02,
                                    'sell_rsi': 75,
                                    },
                           'stoploss': {'stoploss': -0.4},
                           'trailing': {'trailing_only_offset_is_reached': False,
                                        'trailing_stop': True,
                                        'trailing_stop_positive': 0.02,
                                        'trailing_stop_positive_offset': 0.07},
                           'max_open_trades': {'max_open_trades': 3}
                           },
        'params_dict': optimizer_param,
        'params_not_optimized': {'buy': {}, 'protection': {}, 'sell': {}},
        'results_metrics': ANY,
        'total_profit': 3.1e-08
    }

    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.min_date = Arrow(2017, 12, 10)
    hyperopt.max_date = Arrow(2017, 12, 13)
    hyperopt.init_spaces()
    generate_optimizer_value = hyperopt.generate_optimizer(list(optimizer_param.values()))
    assert generate_optimizer_value == response_expected


def test_clean_hyperopt(mocker, hyperopt_conf, caplog):
    patch_exchange(mocker)

    mocker.patch("freqtrade.strategy.hyper.HyperStrategyMixin.load_params_from_file",
                 MagicMock(return_value={}))
    mocker.patch("freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Path.is_file", MagicMock(return_value=True))
    unlinkmock = mocker.patch("freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Path.unlink", MagicMock())
    h = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)

    assert unlinkmock.call_count == 2
    assert log_has(f"Removing `{h.data_pickle_file}`.", caplog)


def test_print_json_spaces_all(mocker, hyperopt_conf, capsys) -> None:
    dumper = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.dump')
    dumper2 = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt._save_result')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.file_dump_json')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.calculate_market_change', return_value=1.5)

    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.backtesting.Backtesting.load_bt_data',
                 MagicMock(return_value=(MagicMock(), None)))
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
        MagicMock(return_value=(datetime(2017, 12, 10), datetime(2017, 12, 13)))
    )

    parallel = mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt.run_optimizer_parallel',
        MagicMock(return_value=[{
            'loss': 1, 'results_explanation': 'foo result', 'params': {},
            'params_details': {
                'buy': {'mfi-value': None},
                'sell': {'sell-mfi-value': None},
                'roi': {}, 'stoploss': {'stoploss': None},
                'trailing': {'trailing_stop': None},
                'max_open_trades': {'max_open_trades': None}
            },
            'results_metrics': generate_result_metrics(),
        }])
    )
    patch_exchange(mocker)

    hyperopt_conf.update({'spaces': 'all',
                          'hyperopt_jobs': 1,
                          'print_json': True,
                          })

    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.advise_all_indicators = MagicMock()
    hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table = MagicMock(return_value={})

    hyperopt.start()

    parallel.assert_called_once()

    out, err = capsys.readouterr()
    result_str = (
        '{"params":{"mfi-value":null,"sell-mfi-value":null},"minimal_roi"'
        ':{},"stoploss":null,"trailing_stop":null,"max_open_trades":null}'
    )
    assert result_str in out  # noqa: E501
    # Should be called for historical candle data
    assert dumper.call_count == 1
    assert dumper2.call_count == 1


def test_print_json_spaces_default(mocker, hyperopt_conf, capsys) -> None:
    dumper = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.dump')
    dumper2 = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt._save_result')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.file_dump_json')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.calculate_market_change', return_value=1.5)
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.backtesting.Backtesting.load_bt_data',
                 MagicMock(return_value=(MagicMock(), None)))
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
        MagicMock(return_value=(datetime(2017, 12, 10), datetime(2017, 12, 13)))
    )

    parallel = mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt.run_optimizer_parallel',
        MagicMock(return_value=[{
            'loss': 1, 'results_explanation': 'foo result', 'params': {},
            'params_details': {
                'buy': {'mfi-value': None},
                'sell': {'sell-mfi-value': None},
                'roi': {}, 'stoploss': {'stoploss': None}
            },
            'results_metrics': generate_result_metrics(),
        }])
    )
    patch_exchange(mocker)

    hyperopt_conf.update({'print_json': True})

    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.advise_all_indicators = MagicMock()
    hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table = MagicMock(return_value={})

    hyperopt.start()

    parallel.assert_called_once()

    out, err = capsys.readouterr()
    assert '{"params":{"mfi-value":null,"sell-mfi-value":null},"minimal_roi":{},"stoploss":null}' in out  # noqa: E501
    # Should be called for historical candle data
    assert dumper.call_count == 1
    assert dumper2.call_count == 1


def test_print_json_spaces_roi_stoploss(mocker, hyperopt_conf, capsys) -> None:
    dumper = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.dump')
    dumper2 = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt._save_result')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.calculate_market_change', return_value=1.5)
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.file_dump_json')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.backtesting.Backtesting.load_bt_data',
                 MagicMock(return_value=(MagicMock(), None)))
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
        MagicMock(return_value=(datetime(2017, 12, 10), datetime(2017, 12, 13)))
    )

    parallel = mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt.run_optimizer_parallel',
        MagicMock(return_value=[{
            'loss': 1, 'results_explanation': 'foo result', 'params': {},
            'params_details': {'roi': {}, 'stoploss': {'stoploss': None}},
            'results_metrics': generate_result_metrics(),
        }])
    )
    patch_exchange(mocker)

    hyperopt_conf.update({'spaces': 'roi stoploss',
                          'hyperopt_jobs': 1,
                          'print_json': True,
                          })

    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.advise_all_indicators = MagicMock()
    hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table = MagicMock(return_value={})

    hyperopt.start()

    parallel.assert_called_once()

    out, err = capsys.readouterr()
    assert '{"minimal_roi":{},"stoploss":null}' in out

    assert dumper.call_count == 1
    assert dumper2.call_count == 1


def test_simplified_interface_roi_stoploss(mocker, hyperopt_conf, capsys) -> None:
    dumper = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.dump')
    dumper2 = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt._save_result')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.calculate_market_change', return_value=1.5)
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.file_dump_json')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.backtesting.Backtesting.load_bt_data',
                 MagicMock(return_value=(MagicMock(), None)))
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
        MagicMock(return_value=(datetime(2017, 12, 10), datetime(2017, 12, 13)))
    )

    parallel = mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt.run_optimizer_parallel',
        MagicMock(return_value=[{
            'loss': 1, 'results_explanation': 'foo result', 'params': {'stoploss': 0.0},
            'results_metrics': generate_result_metrics(),
        }])
    )
    patch_exchange(mocker)

    hyperopt_conf.update({'spaces': 'roi stoploss'})

    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.advise_all_indicators = MagicMock()
    hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table = MagicMock(return_value={})

    hyperopt.start()

    parallel.assert_called_once()

    out, err = capsys.readouterr()
    assert 'Best result:\n\n*    1/1: foo result Objective: 1.00000\n' in out
    assert dumper.call_count == 1
    assert dumper2.call_count == 1

    assert hasattr(hyperopt.backtesting.strategy, "advise_exit")
    assert hasattr(hyperopt.backtesting.strategy, "advise_entry")
    assert hasattr(hyperopt, "max_open_trades")
    assert hyperopt.max_open_trades == hyperopt_conf['max_open_trades']
    assert hasattr(hyperopt.backtesting, "_position_stacking")


def test_simplified_interface_all_failed(mocker, hyperopt_conf, caplog) -> None:
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.dump', MagicMock())
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.file_dump_json')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.backtesting.Backtesting.load_bt_data',
                 MagicMock(return_value=(MagicMock(), None)))
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
        MagicMock(return_value=(datetime(2017, 12, 10), datetime(2017, 12, 13)))
    )

    patch_exchange(mocker)

    hyperopt_conf.update({'spaces': 'all', })

    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt_auto.HyperOptAuto._generate_indicator_space',
                 return_value=[])

    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.advise_all_indicators = MagicMock()
    hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table = MagicMock(return_value={})

    with pytest.raises(OperationalException, match=r"The 'protection' space is included into *"):
        hyperopt.init_spaces()

    hyperopt.config['hyperopt_ignore_missing_space'] = True
    caplog.clear()
    hyperopt.init_spaces()
    assert log_has_re(r"The 'protection' space is included into *", caplog)
    assert hyperopt.protection_space == []


def test_simplified_interface_buy(mocker, hyperopt_conf, capsys) -> None:
    dumper = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.dump')
    dumper2 = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt._save_result')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.calculate_market_change', return_value=1.5)
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.file_dump_json')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.backtesting.Backtesting.load_bt_data',
                 MagicMock(return_value=(MagicMock(), None)))
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
        MagicMock(return_value=(datetime(2017, 12, 10), datetime(2017, 12, 13)))
    )

    parallel = mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt.run_optimizer_parallel',
        MagicMock(return_value=[{
            'loss': 1, 'results_explanation': 'foo result', 'params': {},
            'results_metrics': generate_result_metrics(),
        }])
    )
    patch_exchange(mocker)

    hyperopt_conf.update({'spaces': 'buy'})

    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.advise_all_indicators = MagicMock()
    hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table = MagicMock(return_value={})

    hyperopt.start()

    parallel.assert_called_once()

    out, err = capsys.readouterr()
    assert 'Best result:\n\n*    1/1: foo result Objective: 1.00000\n' in out
    assert dumper.called
    assert dumper.call_count == 1
    assert dumper2.call_count == 1
    assert hasattr(hyperopt.backtesting.strategy, "advise_exit")
    assert hasattr(hyperopt.backtesting.strategy, "advise_entry")
    assert hasattr(hyperopt, "max_open_trades")
    assert hyperopt.max_open_trades == hyperopt_conf['max_open_trades']
    assert hasattr(hyperopt.backtesting, "_position_stacking")


def test_simplified_interface_sell(mocker, hyperopt_conf, capsys) -> None:
    dumper = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.dump')
    dumper2 = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt._save_result')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.calculate_market_change', return_value=1.5)
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.file_dump_json')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.backtesting.Backtesting.load_bt_data',
                 MagicMock(return_value=(MagicMock(), None)))
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
        MagicMock(return_value=(datetime(2017, 12, 10), datetime(2017, 12, 13)))
    )

    parallel = mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt.run_optimizer_parallel',
        MagicMock(return_value=[{
            'loss': 1, 'results_explanation': 'foo result', 'params': {},
            'results_metrics': generate_result_metrics(),
        }])
    )
    patch_exchange(mocker)

    hyperopt_conf.update({'spaces': 'sell', })

    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.advise_all_indicators = MagicMock()
    hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table = MagicMock(return_value={})

    hyperopt.start()

    parallel.assert_called_once()

    out, err = capsys.readouterr()
    assert 'Best result:\n\n*    1/1: foo result Objective: 1.00000\n' in out
    assert dumper.called
    assert dumper.call_count == 1
    assert dumper2.call_count == 1
    assert hasattr(hyperopt.backtesting.strategy, "advise_exit")
    assert hasattr(hyperopt.backtesting.strategy, "advise_entry")
    assert hasattr(hyperopt, "max_open_trades")
    assert hyperopt.max_open_trades == hyperopt_conf['max_open_trades']
    assert hasattr(hyperopt.backtesting, "_position_stacking")


@pytest.mark.parametrize("space", [
    ('buy'),
    ('sell'),
    ('protection'),
])
def test_simplified_interface_failed(mocker, hyperopt_conf, space) -> None:
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.dump', MagicMock())
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.file_dump_json')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.backtesting.Backtesting.load_bt_data',
                 MagicMock(return_value=(MagicMock(), None)))
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
        MagicMock(return_value=(datetime(2017, 12, 10), datetime(2017, 12, 13)))
    )
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt_auto.HyperOptAuto._generate_indicator_space',
                 return_value=[])

    patch_exchange(mocker)

    hyperopt_conf.update({'spaces': space})

    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.advise_all_indicators = MagicMock()
    hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table = MagicMock(return_value={})

    with pytest.raises(OperationalException, match=f"The '{space}' space is included into *"):
        hyperopt.start()


def test_in_strategy_auto_hyperopt(mocker, hyperopt_conf, tmpdir, fee) -> None:
    patch_exchange(mocker)
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.exchange.Exchange.get_fee', fee)
    (Path(tmpdir) / 'hyperopt_results').mkdir(parents=True)
    # No hyperopt needed
    hyperopt_conf.update({
        'strategy': 'HyperoptableStrategy',
        'user_data_dir': Path(tmpdir),
        'hyperopt_random_state': 42,
        'spaces': ['all'],
    })
    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.backtesting.exchange.get_max_leverage = MagicMock(return_value=1.0)
    assert isinstance(hyperopt.custom_hyperopt, HyperOptAuto)
    assert isinstance(hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.buy_rsi, IntParameter)
    assert hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.bot_loop_started is True

    assert hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.buy_rsi.in_space is True
    assert hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.buy_rsi.value == 35
    assert hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.sell_rsi.value == 74
    assert hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.protection_cooldown_lookback.value == 30
    assert hyperopt.max_open_trades == 1
    buy_rsi_range = hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.buy_rsi.range
    assert isinstance(buy_rsi_range, range)
    # Range from 0 - 50 (inclusive)
    assert len(list(buy_rsi_range)) == 51

    hyperopt.start()
    # All values should've changed.
    assert hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.protection_cooldown_lookback.value != 30
    assert hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.buy_rsi.value != 35
    assert hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.sell_rsi.value != 74
    assert hyperopt.max_open_trades != 1

    hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.generate_estimator = lambda *args, **kwargs: 'ET1'
    with pytest.raises(OperationalException, match="Estimator ET1 not supported."):
        hyperopt.get_optimizer([], 2)


def test_in_strategy_auto_hyperopt_with_parallel(mocker, hyperopt_conf, tmpdir, fee) -> None:
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.exchange.Exchange.validate_config', MagicMock())
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.exchange.Exchange.get_fee', fee)
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.exchange.Exchange._load_markets')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.exchange.Exchange.markets',
                 PropertyMock(return_value=get_markets()))
    (Path(tmpdir) / 'hyperopt_results').mkdir(parents=True)
    # No hyperopt needed
    hyperopt_conf.update({
        'strategy': 'HyperoptableStrategy',
        'user_data_dir': Path(tmpdir),
        'hyperopt_random_state': 42,
        'spaces': ['all'],
        # Enforce parallelity
        'epochs': 2,
        'hyperopt_jobs': 2,
        'fee': fee.return_value,
    })
    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.backtesting.exchange.get_max_leverage = lambda *x, **xx: 1.0
    hyperopt.backtesting.exchange.get_min_pair_stake_amount = lambda *x, **xx: 0.00001
    hyperopt.backtesting.exchange.get_max_pair_stake_amount = lambda *x, **xx: 100.0
    hyperopt.backtesting.exchange._markets = get_markets()

    assert isinstance(hyperopt.custom_hyperopt, HyperOptAuto)
    assert isinstance(hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.buy_rsi, IntParameter)
    assert hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.bot_loop_started is True

    assert hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.buy_rsi.in_space is True
    assert hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.buy_rsi.value == 35
    assert hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.sell_rsi.value == 74
    assert hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.protection_cooldown_lookback.value == 30
    buy_rsi_range = hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.buy_rsi.range
    assert isinstance(buy_rsi_range, range)
    # Range from 0 - 50 (inclusive)
    assert len(list(buy_rsi_range)) == 51

    hyperopt.start()


def test_in_strategy_auto_hyperopt_per_epoch(mocker, hyperopt_conf, tmpdir, fee) -> None:
    patch_exchange(mocker)
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.exchange.Exchange.get_fee', fee)
    (Path(tmpdir) / 'hyperopt_results').mkdir(parents=True)

    hyperopt_conf.update({
        'strategy': 'HyperoptableStrategy',
        'user_data_dir': Path(tmpdir),
        'hyperopt_random_state': 42,
        'spaces': ['all'],
        'epochs': 3,
        'analyze_per_epoch': True,
    })
    go = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt.generate_optimizer',
                      return_value={
                            'loss': 0.05,
                            'results_explanation': 'foo result', 'params': {},
                            'results_metrics': generate_result_metrics(),
                        })
    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.backtesting.exchange.get_max_leverage = MagicMock(return_value=1.0)
    assert isinstance(hyperopt.custom_hyperopt, HyperOptAuto)
    assert isinstance(hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.buy_rsi, IntParameter)
    assert hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.bot_loop_started is True

    assert hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.buy_rsi.in_space is True
    assert hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.buy_rsi.value == 35
    assert hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.sell_rsi.value == 74
    assert hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.protection_cooldown_lookback.value == 30
    buy_rsi_range = hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.buy_rsi.range
    assert isinstance(buy_rsi_range, range)
    # Range from 0 - 50 (inclusive)
    assert len(list(buy_rsi_range)) == 51

    hyperopt.start()
    # backtesting should be called 3 times (once per epoch)
    assert go.call_count == 3


def test_SKDecimal():
    space = SKDecimal(1, 2, decimals=2)
    assert 1.5 in space
    assert 2.5 not in space
    assert space.low == 100
    assert space.high == 200

    assert space.inverse_transform([200]) == [2.0]
    assert space.inverse_transform([100]) == [1.0]
    assert space.inverse_transform([150, 160]) == [1.5, 1.6]

    assert space.transform([1.5]) == [150]
    assert space.transform([2.0]) == [200]
    assert space.transform([1.0]) == [100]
    assert space.transform([1.5, 1.6]) == [150, 160]