kubesolo-os/CHANGELOG.md

# Changelog

All notable changes to KubeSolo OS are documented in this file.

Format based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/),
versioning follows [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).

## [0.3.1] - 2026-05-15

First fully-functional generic ARM64 release. v0.3.0 shipped the build
scaffold; v0.3.1 makes it actually boot a Kubernetes cluster end-to-end
on QEMU virt under HVF acceleration. Validated by deploying CoreDNS,
local-path-provisioner, and an `nginx:alpine` workload — all reach
Running, `kubectl get nodes` reports `Ready`.

### Fixed

- **Dual-glibc loading on ARM64** — piCore64's `/lib/libc.so.6` and the
  build host's `/lib/$LIB_ARCH/libc.so.6` could both be resolved into the
  same process by the dynamic linker, triggering
  `*** stack smashing detected ***` aborts when stack frames crossed
  between functions linked against different libcs. Fix: bundle the full
  glibc family (libc + libpthread + libdl + libm + libresolv + librt +
  libanl + libgcc_s + ld.so), delete piCore's duplicates in `/lib/`,
  and write `/etc/ld.so.conf` + `ldconfig -r` so the runtime linker has
  a deterministic search order. (`76ed2ff`)
- **`nft` binary not bundled** — KubeSolo v1.1.4+ runs `nft add table ip
  kubesolo-masq` for pod-masquerade setup, but `inject-kubesolo.sh` only
  bundled `xtables-nft-multi`. Without standalone `nft` in `$PATH`,
  KubeSolo FATAL'd at startup. Fix: copy `/usr/sbin/nft` + its
  non-shared libs (libnftables, libedit, libjansson, libgmp, libtinfo,
  libbsd, libmd) into the rootfs. (`51c1f78`)
- **nftables address-family handlers** — `nf_tables` core was loaded but
  no address families were registered, so `nft add table ip ...`
  returned `EOPNOTSUPP`. The bool Kconfigs `CONFIG_NF_TABLES_IPV4`,
  `CONFIG_NF_TABLES_IPV6`, `CONFIG_NF_TABLES_INET`,
  `CONFIG_NF_TABLES_NETDEV` are required and weren't in the
  fragment. Fix: add to `kernel-container.fragment` as `=y`. (`7e46f8f`)
- **kube-proxy nftables-backend expression modules** — Kubernetes 1.34's
  kube-proxy nft backend uses `numgen`, `hash`, `limit`, `log`
  expressions. The corresponding kernel modules (`CONFIG_NFT_NUMGEN`,
  etc.) were missing from the fragment AND the runtime module list, so
  even after a kernel rebuild stage 30 didn't load them and stage 85's
  `kernel.modules_disabled=1` lockdown prevented on-demand loads. Fix:
  add to both `kernel-container.fragment` (as `=m`) and
  `modules.list` / `modules-arm64.list`. (`31eee77`, `3bcf2e1`)
- **`modules.list` inline-comment parser bug** — the inject script's
  comment-strip only matched lines starting with `#`, not lines with
  inline `# comment` tails. So `nft_numgen     # foo` was passed
  verbatim to modprobe, resolved to nothing, and the .ko never made it
  into the initramfs. Fix: parse with `mod="${mod%%#*}"` to strip
  inline tails. (`bc3300e`)
- **Banner only printed on kubeconfig success** —
  `90-kubesolo.sh` gated the host-access banner behind `if [ -f
  $KUBECONFIG_PATH ]`. When KubeSolo crashed early (bug #2 above) or
  the wait loop timed out, the user never saw the connection
  instructions. Fix: write the banner to `/etc/motd` AND print it
  unconditionally after the wait loop. (`51c1f78`)
- **`dev-vm-arm64.sh` missing port-8080 hostfwd** — the in-VM HTTP
  server that serves the kubeconfig listens on port 8080, but the
  QEMU `-net user` line only forwarded 6443 and 2222, so
  `curl http://localhost:8080` from the host machine connected to
  nothing. Fix: add the third hostfwd. (`fbe2d0b`)

### Fixed (CI)

- **`release.yaml` workflow** rewritten so v0.3.1+ tag pushes
  auto-publish a complete release page on Gitea: `actions/upload-artifact`
  pinned to `@v3` for act_runner compatibility, the
  `softprops/action-gh-release@v2` step replaced with a direct `curl`
  against `/api/v1/repos/.../releases` (`softprops` hard-codes
  `api.github.com` so it silently no-ops on Gitea), added a
  `build-disk-arm64` job that builds on the `arm64-linux` runner.
  v0.3.0's manual-upload-only release was the canary that exposed all
  three bugs. (`f8c308d`)

### Known issues carried forward to v0.3.2

These don't block normal operation but are tracked:

- `xt_comment` userspace extension load fails on the iptables-nft path,
  causing kubelet's KUBE-FIREWALL rule install to skip. Reported as
  `Couldn't load match 'comment'` in the boot log. kubelet continues
  without the localhost-drop rule.
- `containerd-shim-runc-v2 -info` probe reports `runc: executable file
  not found in $PATH`. Cosmetic — containerd uses the absolute path
  from its config when actually launching containers.
- `kube-proxy conntrack cleanup` logs `Failed to list conntrack entries:
  invalid argument` every cleanup cycle. Probably needs
  `CONFIG_NF_CONNTRACK_PROCFS` or netlink-glue tweaks.
- Several pods restart 1–2 times on first boot due to a PLEG /
  runtime-probe race in the kubelet startup path. Pods stabilise.

## [0.3.0] - 2026-05-14

The main themes: generic ARM64 (not just Raspberry Pi), an honest update
lifecycle with state file + metrics, OCI multi-arch distribution via ghcr.io,
and policy gates (channels, maintenance windows, version stepping-stones,
pre-flight checks, auto-rollback).

### Added

- Generic ARM64 build track distinct from Raspberry Pi:
  - `make kernel-arm64` builds a mainline kernel.org LTS kernel (6.12.10 by
    default) from `arm64 defconfig` + shared `kernel-container.fragment` +
    arm64 virt-host enables (VIRTIO_*, EFI_STUB, NVMe).
  - `make disk-image-arm64` produces a UEFI-bootable raw GPT image with A/B
    system partitions and GRUB-EFI ARM64. Targets QEMU virt, Graviton, Ampere,
    or any UEFI ARM64 host.
  - `hack/dev-vm-arm64.sh --disk` boots the built image through QEMU UEFI for
    end-to-end testing.
  - `test/qemu/test-boot-arm64-disk.sh` automated boot smoke test.
- Bumped KubeSolo to v1.1.5 (was v1.1.0). New cloud-init flags surfaced:
  - `kubesolo.full` (v1.1.4+) — disable edge-optimised overrides
  - `kubesolo.disable-ipv6` (v1.1.5+)
  - `kubesolo.db-wal-repair` (v1.1.5+) — recover from unclean shutdowns
- Per-arch supply-chain verification: `KUBESOLO_SHA256_AMD64` and
  `KUBESOLO_SHA256_ARM64` in `versions.env`, applied to the tarball before
  extract.
- `docs/arm64-architecture.md` — defines the generic-vs-RPi two-track layout.
- `docs/arm64-status.md` — Phase 3 status snapshot, known limitations, what's
  needed to ship.
- `docs/ci-runners.md` — Gitea Actions runner setup (Odroid arm64-linux).
- Update agent state machine and observability (`update/pkg/state`):
  - Persistent on-disk `state.json` at `/var/lib/kubesolo/update/state.json`
    (atomic write via tmp + rename). Records Phase (Idle / Checking /
    Downloading / Staged / Activated / Verifying / Success / RolledBack /
    Failed), FromVersion, ToVersion, StartedAt, UpdatedAt, LastError,
    AttemptCount, HealthCheckFailures.
  - `apply`, `activate`, `healthcheck`, `rollback` all transition state
    explicitly on entry / exit / failure. Errors land in LastError so
    `status` can show why.
  - `kubesolo-update status --json` emits the full state for
    orchestration tooling. Human-readable mode adds an "Update Lifecycle"
    section when not idle.
  - New Prometheus metrics: `kubesolo_update_phase{phase="..."}` (all 9
    phase labels always emitted), `kubesolo_update_attempts_total`,
    `kubesolo_update_last_attempt_timestamp_seconds`.
- Channels, maintenance windows, version policy (`update/pkg/config`):
  - `/etc/kubesolo/update.conf` (key=value, comments, missing-OK) configures
    server, channel, maintenance_window, pubkey, healthcheck_url,
    auto_rollback_after.
  - `cloud-init` top-level `updates:` block writes `update.conf` on first
    boot. Empty block leaves any existing file alone.
  - `apply` enforces four gates before download: maintenance window,
    channel match, runtime architecture match, min_compatible_version
    stepping-stone. All gate failures land in the state machine as Failed
    with a clear LastError. `--force` bypasses window + node-block-label.
  - `UpdateMetadata` JSON gains `channel`, `min_compatible_version`,
    `architecture` (all optional, omitempty).
- OCI registry distribution (`update/pkg/oci`, ~280 LOC, 9 tests):
  - `kubesolo-update apply --registry ghcr.io/<org>/kubesolo-os --tag stable`
    pulls update artifacts from any OCI-compliant registry. Multi-arch
    indexes resolve to the runtime.GOARCH-matching manifest automatically.
  - Custom media types: `application/vnd.kubesolo.os.kernel.v1+octet-stream`
    and `application/vnd.kubesolo.os.initramfs.v1+gzip`. Annotations:
    `io.kubesolo.os.{version,channel,architecture,min_compatible_version,
    release_notes,release_date}`.
  - End-to-end digest verification from manifest to blobs via oras-go/v2.
  - `build/scripts/push-oci-artifact.sh` publishes per-arch artifacts via
    `oras`. Multi-arch index composition documented inline.
  - Dependencies added (update module only): oras.land/oras-go/v2 and
    transitive opencontainers/{go-digest,image-spec} + golang.org/x/sync.
- Pre-flight gates and deeper healthcheck (`update/pkg/health` extended,
  `update/pkg/partition` extended):
  - Free-space pre-flight on the passive partition (image + 10% headroom)
    via `partition.FreeBytes` / `HasFreeSpaceFor`.
  - Node-block-label pre-flight: refuses if the local K8s node carries
    `updates.kubesolo.io/block=true`. Silently allowed when no kubeconfig
    (air-gap). Skipped by `--force`.
  - `CheckKubeSystemReady` waits until every kube-system pod has held
    Running for ≥ N seconds (configurable via
    `--kube-system-settle`).
  - `CheckProbeURL` GETs an operator-supplied URL; 200 = pass. Configurable
    via `--healthcheck-url` or `healthcheck_url=` in update.conf.
  - `CheckDiskWritable` writes / fsyncs / reads / deletes a probe file
    under `/var/lib/kubesolo` to catch a wedged data partition.
  - `--auto-rollback-after N` (also `auto_rollback_after=` in update.conf):
    after N consecutive post-activation healthcheck failures, the agent
    calls `ForceRollback()` and the operator/init reboots. Reset to 0 on
    a clean pass.
- `.gitea/workflows/build-arm64.yaml` — full ARM64 build on the Odroid
  self-hosted runner. Triggers on push to main, tags, and workflow_dispatch.
  Boot smoke test marked continue-on-error pending KVM or real-hardware
  validation.

### Changed

- `build/scripts/build-kernel-arm64.sh` is now the **generic ARM64** kernel
  build (mainline kernel.org LTS, generic UEFI/virtio).
- Renamed `build/scripts/build-kernel-rpi.sh` (was `build-kernel-arm64.sh`).
  RPi kernel build (raspberrypi/linux fork, bcm2711_defconfig) lives here now.
- Renamed `build/config/kernel-container.fragment` (was
  `rpi-kernel-config.fragment`). Misnomer: contents are arch-agnostic and now
  shared across x86, ARM64-generic, and RPi kernels.
- `build/scripts/build-kernel.sh` (x86) refactored to consume the shared
  fragment via a generic `apply_fragment` function. ~50 lines of duplication
  killed.
- `KUBESOLO_VERSION` moved out of `fetch-components.sh` defaults into
  `versions.env`. Bumping is now a one-line PR.

### Fixed

- Native ARM64 build hosts (e.g. an Odroid runner) no longer require the x86
  cross-compiler. Both `build-kernel-arm64.sh` and `build-kernel-rpi.sh` detect
  `uname -m` and use the host's gcc directly when arch matches.
- ARM64 grub.cfg console ordering: `ttyAMA0` is now the primary console
  (`console=ttyS0,... console=ttyAMA0,...`). Init output is now visible on
  QEMU virt and most ARM64 SBCs without further configuration.
- ARM64 boot: replaced piCore64's `/init` with our staged init at `/init` and
  `/sbin/init`. Previously the kernel ran piCore's TCE handler which
  segfaulted in our environment.
- ARM64 boot: replaced piCore64's broken dynamic BusyBox with the build
  host's `busybox-static`. piCore's binary triggered EL0 instruction-abort
  panics on QEMU virt under both `-cpu cortex-a72` and `-cpu max`.
- POSIX-character-class portability: `tr -d '[:space:]'` in
  `30-kernel-modules.sh` and `40-sysctl.sh` replaced with explicit
  `' \t\r\n'`. Ubuntu's busybox-static 1.30.1 doesn't parse `[:space:]` and
  instead deletes the literal characters `[ : s p a c e ]`, which truncated
  module names (`virtio_net` → `virtio_nt`, etc.) and sysctl keys.
- `inject-kubesolo.sh` no longer copies `init/lib/functions.sh` into
  `init.d/`. Previously the main init loop tried to run it as a stage after
  stage 90 and panicked with "Init completed without exec'ing KubeSolo".
- ARM64 disk image: `TARGET_ARCH=arm64 create-disk-image.sh` produces
  `BOOTAA64.EFI` via `grub-mkimage -O arm64-efi` (not `bootx64.efi`). Skips
  the BIOS-only `grub-install --target=i386-pc` step.
- `build/Dockerfile.builder`: added `grub-efi-amd64-bin`, `grub-efi-arm64-bin`,
  `grub-pc-bin`, `grub-common`, `grub2-common`, and `busybox-static` so the
  Docker-based build flow can produce ARM64 disk images and gets the same
  BusyBox swap behaviour as native builds.

### Known limitations (deferred to follow-up)

- **ARM64 LABEL= resolution** doesn't work yet — piCore's `blkid`/`findfs`
  crash in QEMU and our static busybox lacks the applets. Hardcoded
  `/dev/vda4` as a workaround in `build/grub/grub-arm64.cfg`. Production
  fix: ship static `blkid`/`findfs` or replace LABEL resolution with a
  sysfs walk.
- **AppArmor profile load fails on ARM64** (apparmor_parser ABI mismatch).
  Init reports it; boot continues without enforcement.
- **OCI signature verification** is deferred. The HTTP transport still
  honours `--pubkey` for `.sig` files; the OCI transport is digest-verified
  end-to-end via oras-go but does not yet consume cosign-style referrer
  attestations. Targeted for v0.3.1.
- **Real-hardware validation** of the generic ARM64 image is still
  pending. Builds and boots end-to-end under QEMU virt; production
  certification waits on a Graviton / Ampere run.
- **QEMU TCG performance** can trigger KubeSolo's first-boot image-import
  deadline. Not a defect in the OS itself; real hardware and KVM-accelerated
  QEMU complete the import in seconds.

## [0.2.0] - 2026-02-12

### Added
- Cloud-init: support all documented KubeSolo CLI flags (`--local-storage-shared-path`, `--debug`, `--pprof-server`, `--portainer-edge-id`, `--portainer-edge-key`, `--portainer-edge-async`)
- Cloud-init: `full-config.yaml` example showing all supported parameters
- Cloud-init: KubeSolo configuration reference table in docs/cloud-init.md
- Security hardening: mount hardening, sysctl, kernel module lock, AppArmor profiles
- ARM64 Raspberry Pi support with A/B boot via tryboot
- BootEnv abstraction for GRUB and RPi boot environments
- Go 1.25.5 installed on host for native builds

## [0.1.0] - 2026-02-12

First release with all 5 design-doc phases complete. ISO boots and runs K8s pods.

### Added

#### Custom Kernel
- Custom kernel build (6.18.2-tinycore64) with container-critical configs
- Added CONFIG_CGROUP_BPF, CONFIG_DEVTMPFS, CONFIG_DEVTMPFS_MOUNT, CONFIG_MEMCG, CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH
- Stripped unnecessary subsystems (sound, GPU, wireless, Bluetooth, etc.)
- Selective kernel module install — only modules.list + transitive deps in initramfs

#### Init System (Phase 1)
- POSIX sh init system with staged boot (00-early-mount through 90-kubesolo)
- switch_root from initramfs to SquashFS root
- Persistent data partition mount with bind-mounts for K8s state
- Kernel module loading, sysctl tuning, network, hostname, NTP
- Emergency shell fallback on boot failure
- Device node creation via mknod fallback from sysfs

#### Cloud-Init (Phase 2)
- Go-based cloud-init parser (~2.7 MB static binary)
- Network configuration: DHCP and static IP modes
- Hostname and machine-id generation
- KubeSolo configuration (node-name, extra flags)
- Portainer Edge Agent integration via K8s manifest injection
- Persistent config saved to /mnt/data/ for next-boot fast path
- 22 Go tests

#### A/B Atomic Updates (Phase 3)
- 4-partition GPT disk image: EFI + System A + System B + Data
- GRUB 2 bootloader with A/B slot selection and boot counter rollback
- Go update agent (~6.0 MB static binary) with check, apply, activate, rollback commands
- Health check: containerd + K8s API + node Ready verification
- Update server protocol: HTTP serving latest.json + image files
- K8s CronJob for automated update checks (every 6 hours)
- Zero external Go dependencies — uses kubectl/ctr exec commands

#### Production Hardening (Phase 4)
- Ed25519 image signing with pure Go stdlib (zero external deps)
- Key generation, signing, and verification CLI commands
- Portainer Edge Agent deployment via cloud-init
- SSH extension injection for debugging (hack/inject-ssh.sh)
- Boot time and resource usage benchmarks
- Deployment guide documentation

#### Distribution & Fleet Management (Phase 5)
- Gitea Actions CI/CD (test + build + shellcheck on push, release on tags)
- OCI container image packaging (scratch-based)
- Prometheus metrics endpoint (zero-dependency text exposition format)
- USB provisioning script with cloud-init injection
- ARM64 cross-compilation support

#### Build System
- Makefile with full build orchestration
- Dockerized reproducible builds (build/Dockerfile.builder)
- Component fetching with version pinning
- ISO and raw disk image creation
- Fast rebuild path (`make quick`)

#### Documentation
- Architecture design document
- Boot flow reference
- A/B update flow reference
- Cloud-init configuration reference
- Deployment and operations guide

### Fixed
- Replaced `grep -oP` with POSIX-safe `sed` in functions.sh (BusyBox compatibility)
- Replaced `grep -qiE` with `grep -qi -e` pattern (POSIX compliance)
- Fixed KVM flag handling in dev-vm.sh (bash array context)
- Added iptables table pre-initialization before kube-proxy start (nf_tables issue)
- Added /dev/kmsg and /etc/machine-id creation for kubelet
- Added CA certificates bundle to initramfs (containerd TLS verification for Docker Hub)
- Added DNS fallback (10.0.2.3 + 8.8.8.8) when DHCP client doesn't populate resolv.conf
- Added headless Service to Portainer Edge Agent manifest (agent peer discovery DNS)
- Added kubesolo.edge_id/edge_key kernel boot parameters for Portainer Edge
- Added auto-format of unformatted data disks on first boot
- Rewrote dev-vm.sh for macOS: bsdtar ISO extraction, Homebrew mkfs.ext4 detection, direct kernel boot, TCG acceleration, port 8080 forwarding
- Kubeconfig now served via HTTP on port 8080 (serial console truncates base64 lines)
- Added 127.0.0.1 and 10.0.2.15 to API server SANs for QEMU port forwarding
- dev-vm.sh now works on Linux: fallback ISO extraction via isoinfo or loop mount, KVM auto-detection, platform-aware error messages