# pragma pylint: disable=too-many-instance-attributes, pointless-string-statement

"""
This module contains the hyperopt logic
"""

import logging
import os
import sys
from math import exp
from operator import itemgetter
from pathlib import Path
from pprint import pprint
from typing import Any, Dict, List

from joblib import Parallel, delayed, dump, load, wrap_non_picklable_objects, cpu_count
from pandas import DataFrame
from skopt import Optimizer
from skopt.space import Dimension

from freqtrade.arguments import Arguments
from freqtrade.data.history import load_data, get_timeframe, validate_backtest_data
from freqtrade.exchange import timeframe_to_minutes
from freqtrade.optimize.backtesting import Backtesting
from freqtrade.resolvers.hyperopt_resolver import HyperOptResolver


logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


INITIAL_POINTS = 30
MAX_LOSS = 100000  # just a big enough number to be bad result in loss optimization
TICKERDATA_PICKLE = os.path.join('user_data', 'hyperopt_tickerdata.pkl')
TRIALSDATA_PICKLE = os.path.join('user_data', 'hyperopt_results.pickle')
HYPEROPT_LOCKFILE = os.path.join('user_data', 'hyperopt.lock')


class Hyperopt(Backtesting):
    """
    Hyperopt class, this class contains all the logic to run a hyperopt simulation

    To run a backtest:
    hyperopt = Hyperopt(config)
    hyperopt.start()
    """
    def __init__(self, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
        super().__init__(config)
        self.custom_hyperopt = HyperOptResolver(self.config).hyperopt

        # set TARGET_TRADES to suit your number concurrent trades so its realistic
        # to the number of days
        self.target_trades = 600
        self.total_tries = config.get('epochs', 0)
        self.current_best_loss = 100

        # max average trade duration in minutes
        # if eval ends with higher value, we consider it a failed eval
        self.max_accepted_trade_duration = 300

        # This is assumed to be expected avg profit * expected trade count.
        # For example, for 0.35% avg per trade (or 0.0035 as ratio) and 1100 trades,
        # self.expected_max_profit = 3.85
        # Check that the reported Σ% values do not exceed this!
        # Note, this is ratio. 3.85 stated above means 385Σ%.
        self.expected_max_profit = 3.0

        # Previous evaluations
        self.trials_file = TRIALSDATA_PICKLE
        self.trials: List = []

    def get_args(self, params):
        dimensions = self.hyperopt_space()
        # Ensure the number of dimensions match
        # the number of parameters in the list x.
        if len(params) != len(dimensions):
            raise ValueError('Mismatch in number of search-space dimensions. '
                             f'len(dimensions)=={len(dimensions)} and len(x)=={len(params)}')

        # Create a dict where the keys are the names of the dimensions
        # and the values are taken from the list of parameters x.
        arg_dict = {dim.name: value for dim, value in zip(dimensions, params)}
        return arg_dict

    def save_trials(self) -> None:
        """
        Save hyperopt trials to file
        """
        if self.trials:
            logger.info('Saving %d evaluations to \'%s\'', len(self.trials), self.trials_file)
            dump(self.trials, self.trials_file)

    def read_trials(self) -> List:
        """
        Read hyperopt trials file
        """
        logger.info('Reading Trials from \'%s\'', self.trials_file)
        trials = load(self.trials_file)
        os.remove(self.trials_file)
        return trials

    def log_trials_result(self) -> None:
        """
        Display Best hyperopt result
        """
        results = sorted(self.trials, key=itemgetter('loss'))
        best_result = results[0]
        logger.info(
            'Best result:\n%s\nwith values:\n',
            best_result['result']
        )
        pprint(best_result['params'], indent=4)
        if 'roi_t1' in best_result['params']:
            logger.info('ROI table:')
            pprint(self.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table(best_result['params']), indent=4)

    def log_results(self, results) -> None:
        """
        Log results if it is better than any previous evaluation
        """
        print_all = self.config.get('print_all', False)
        if print_all or results['loss'] < self.current_best_loss:
            # Output human-friendly index here (starting from 1)
            current = results['current_tries'] + 1
            total = results['total_tries']
            res = results['result']
            loss = results['loss']
            self.current_best_loss = results['loss']
            log_msg = f'{current:5d}/{total}: {res} Objective: {loss:.5f}'
            log_msg = f'*{log_msg}' if results['initial_point'] else f' {log_msg}'
            if print_all:
                print(log_msg)
            else:
                print('\n' + log_msg)
        else:
            print('.', end='')
            sys.stdout.flush()

    def calculate_loss(self, total_profit: float, trade_count: int, trade_duration: float) -> float:
        """
        Objective function, returns smaller number for more optimal results
        """
        trade_loss = 1 - 0.25 * exp(-(trade_count - self.target_trades) ** 2 / 10 ** 5.8)
        profit_loss = max(0, 1 - total_profit / self.expected_max_profit)
        duration_loss = 0.4 * min(trade_duration / self.max_accepted_trade_duration, 1)
        result = trade_loss + profit_loss + duration_loss
        return result

    def has_space(self, space: str) -> bool:
        """
        Tell if a space value is contained in the configuration
        """
        if space in self.config['spaces'] or 'all' in self.config['spaces']:
            return True
        return False

    def hyperopt_space(self) -> List[Dimension]:
        """
        Return the space to use during Hyperopt
        """
        spaces: List[Dimension] = []
        if self.has_space('buy'):
            spaces += self.custom_hyperopt.indicator_space()
        if self.has_space('sell'):
            spaces += self.custom_hyperopt.sell_indicator_space()
            # Make sure experimental is enabled
            if 'experimental' not in self.config:
                self.config['experimental'] = {}
            self.config['experimental']['use_sell_signal'] = True
        if self.has_space('roi'):
            spaces += self.custom_hyperopt.roi_space()
        if self.has_space('stoploss'):
            spaces += self.custom_hyperopt.stoploss_space()
        return spaces

    def generate_optimizer(self, _params: Dict) -> Dict:
        params = self.get_args(_params)
        if self.has_space('roi'):
            self.strategy.minimal_roi = self.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table(params)

        if self.has_space('buy'):
            self.advise_buy = self.custom_hyperopt.buy_strategy_generator(params)
        elif hasattr(self.custom_hyperopt, 'populate_buy_trend'):
            self.advise_buy = self.custom_hyperopt.populate_buy_trend  # type: ignore

        if self.has_space('sell'):
            self.advise_sell = self.custom_hyperopt.sell_strategy_generator(params)
        elif hasattr(self.custom_hyperopt, 'populate_sell_trend'):
            self.advise_sell = self.custom_hyperopt.populate_sell_trend  # type: ignore

        if self.has_space('stoploss'):
            self.strategy.stoploss = params['stoploss']

        processed = load(TICKERDATA_PICKLE)
        min_date, max_date = get_timeframe(processed)
        results = self.backtest(
            {
                'stake_amount': self.config['stake_amount'],
                'processed': processed,
                'position_stacking': self.config.get('position_stacking', True),
                'start_date': min_date,
                'end_date': max_date,
            }
        )
        result_explanation = self.format_results(results)

        total_profit = results.profit_percent.sum()
        trade_count = len(results.index)
        trade_duration = results.trade_duration.mean()

        # If this evaluation contains too short amount of trades to be
        # interesting -- consider it as 'bad' (assigned max. loss value)
        # in order to cast this hyperspace point away from optimization
        # path. We do not want to optimize 'hodl' strategies.
        if trade_count < self.config['hyperopt_min_trades']:
            return {
                'loss': MAX_LOSS,
                'params': params,
                'result': result_explanation,
            }

        loss = self.calculate_loss(total_profit, trade_count, trade_duration)

        return {
            'loss': loss,
            'params': params,
            'result': result_explanation,
        }

    def format_results(self, results: DataFrame) -> str:
        """
        Return the format result in a string
        """
        trades = len(results.index)
        avg_profit = results.profit_percent.mean() * 100.0
        total_profit = results.profit_abs.sum()
        stake_cur = self.config['stake_currency']
        profit = results.profit_percent.sum() * 100.0
        duration = results.trade_duration.mean()

        return (f'{trades:6d} trades. Avg profit {avg_profit: 5.2f}%. '
                f'Total profit {total_profit: 11.8f} {stake_cur} '
                f'({profit: 7.2f}Σ%). Avg duration {duration:5.1f} mins.')

    def get_optimizer(self, cpu_count) -> Optimizer:
        return Optimizer(
            self.hyperopt_space(),
            base_estimator="ET",
            acq_optimizer="auto",
            n_initial_points=INITIAL_POINTS,
            acq_optimizer_kwargs={'n_jobs': cpu_count},
            random_state=self.config.get('hyperopt_random_state', None)
        )

    def run_optimizer_parallel(self, parallel, asked) -> List:
        return parallel(delayed(
                        wrap_non_picklable_objects(self.generate_optimizer))(v) for v in asked)

    def load_previous_results(self):
        """ read trials file if we have one """
        if os.path.exists(self.trials_file) and os.path.getsize(self.trials_file) > 0:
            self.trials = self.read_trials()
            logger.info(
                'Loaded %d previous evaluations from disk.',
                len(self.trials)
            )

    def start(self) -> None:
        timerange = Arguments.parse_timerange(None if self.config.get(
            'timerange') is None else str(self.config.get('timerange')))
        data = load_data(
            datadir=Path(self.config['datadir']) if self.config.get('datadir') else None,
            pairs=self.config['exchange']['pair_whitelist'],
            ticker_interval=self.ticker_interval,
            refresh_pairs=self.config.get('refresh_pairs', False),
            exchange=self.exchange,
            timerange=timerange
        )

        if not data:
            logger.critical("No data found. Terminating.")
            return

        min_date, max_date = get_timeframe(data)
        # Validate dataframe for missing values (mainly at start and end, as fillup is called)
        validate_backtest_data(data, min_date, max_date,
                               timeframe_to_minutes(self.ticker_interval))
        logger.info(
            'Hyperopting with data from %s up to %s (%s days)..',
            min_date.isoformat(),
            max_date.isoformat(),
            (max_date - min_date).days
        )

        if self.has_space('buy') or self.has_space('sell'):
            self.strategy.advise_indicators = \
                self.custom_hyperopt.populate_indicators  # type: ignore

        preprocessed = self.strategy.tickerdata_to_dataframe(data)

        dump(preprocessed, TICKERDATA_PICKLE)

        # We don't need exchange instance anymore while running hyperopt
        self.exchange = None  # type: ignore

        self.load_previous_results()

        cpus = cpu_count()
        logger.info(f'Found {cpus} CPU cores. Let\'s make them scream!')
        config_jobs = self.config.get('hyperopt_jobs', -1)
        logger.info(f'Number of parallel jobs set as: {config_jobs}')

        opt = self.get_optimizer(config_jobs)
        try:
            with Parallel(n_jobs=config_jobs) as parallel:
                jobs = parallel._effective_n_jobs()
                logger.info(f'Effective number of parallel workers used: {jobs}')
                EVALS = max(self.total_tries // jobs, 1)
                for i in range(EVALS):
                    asked = opt.ask(n_points=jobs)
                    f_val = self.run_optimizer_parallel(parallel, asked)
                    opt.tell(asked, [i['loss'] for i in f_val])

                    self.trials += f_val
                    for j in range(jobs):
                        current = i * jobs + j
                        self.log_results({
                            'loss': f_val[j]['loss'],
                            'current_tries': current,
                            'initial_point': current < INITIAL_POINTS,
                            'total_tries': self.total_tries,
                            'result': f_val[j]['result'],
                        })
                        logger.debug(f"Optimizer params: {f_val[j]['params']}")
                    for j in range(jobs):
                        logger.debug(f"Optimizer state: Xi: {opt.Xi[-j-1]}, yi: {opt.yi[-j-1]}")
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            print('User interrupted..')

        self.save_trials()
        self.log_trials_result()