# Hyperopt This page explains how to tune your strategy by finding the optimal parameters, a process called hyperparameter optimization. The bot uses several algorithms included in the `scikit-optimize` package to accomplish this. The search will burn all your CPU cores, make your laptop sound like a fighter jet and still take a long time. !!! Bug Hyperopt will crash when used with only 1 CPU Core as found out in [Issue #1133](https://github.com/freqtrade/freqtrade/issues/1133) ## Prepare Hyperopting Before we start digging into Hyperopt, we recommend you to take a look at an example hyperopt file located into [user_data/hyperopts/](https://github.com/freqtrade/freqtrade/blob/develop/user_data/hyperopts/sample_hyperopt.py) Configuring hyperopt is similar to writing your own strategy, and many tasks will be similar and a lot of code can be copied across from the strategy. ### Checklist on all tasks / possibilities in hyperopt Depending on the space you want to optimize, only some of the below are required. * fill `populate_indicators` - probably a copy from your strategy * fill `buy_strategy_generator` - for buy signal optimization * fill `indicator_space` - for buy signal optimzation * fill `sell_strategy_generator` - for sell signal optimization * fill `sell_indicator_space` - for sell signal optimzation * fill `roi_space` - for ROI optimization * fill `generate_roi_table` - for ROI optimization (if you need more than 3 entries) * fill `stoploss_space` - stoploss optimization * Optional but recommended * copy `populate_buy_trend` from your strategy - otherwise default-strategy will be used * copy `populate_sell_trend` from your strategy - otherwise default-strategy will be used ### 1. Install a Custom Hyperopt File Put your hyperopt file into the directory `user_data/hyperopts`. Let assume you want a hyperopt file `awesome_hyperopt.py`: Copy the file `user_data/hyperopts/sample_hyperopt.py` into `user_data/hyperopts/awesome_hyperopt.py` ### 2. Configure your Guards and Triggers There are two places you need to change in your hyperopt file to add a new buy hyperopt for testing: - Inside `indicator_space()` - the parameters hyperopt shall be optimizing. - Inside `populate_buy_trend()` - applying the parameters. There you have two different types of indicators: 1. `guards` and 2. `triggers`. 1. Guards are conditions like "never buy if ADX < 10", or never buy if current price is over EMA10. 2. Triggers are ones that actually trigger buy in specific moment, like "buy when EMA5 crosses over EMA10" or "buy when close price touches lower bollinger band". Hyperoptimization will, for each eval round, pick one trigger and possibly multiple guards. The constructed strategy will be something like "*buy exactly when close price touches lower bollinger band, BUT only if ADX > 10*". If you have updated the buy strategy, ie. changed the contents of `populate_buy_trend()` method you have to update the `guards` and `triggers` hyperopts must use. #### Sell optimization Similar to the buy-signal above, sell-signals can also be optimized. Place the corresponding settings into the following methods * Inside `sell_indicator_space()` - the parameters hyperopt shall be optimizing. * Inside `populate_sell_trend()` - applying the parameters. The configuration and rules are the same than for buy signals. To avoid naming collisions in the search-space, please prefix all sell-spaces with `sell-`. #### Using ticker-interval as part of the Strategy The Strategy exposes the ticker-interval as `self.ticker_interval`. The same value is available as class-attribute `HyperoptName.ticker_interval`. In the case of the linked sample-value this would be `SampleHyperOpts.ticker_interval`. ## Solving a Mystery Let's say you are curious: should you use MACD crossings or lower Bollinger Bands to trigger your buys. And you also wonder should you use RSI or ADX to help with those buy decisions. If you decide to use RSI or ADX, which values should I use for them? So let's use hyperparameter optimization to solve this mystery. We will start by defining a search space: ```python def indicator_space() -> List[Dimension]: """ Define your Hyperopt space for searching strategy parameters """ return [ Integer(20, 40, name='adx-value'), Integer(20, 40, name='rsi-value'), Categorical([True, False], name='adx-enabled'), Categorical([True, False], name='rsi-enabled'), Categorical(['bb_lower', 'macd_cross_signal'], name='trigger') ] ``` Above definition says: I have five parameters I want you to randomly combine to find the best combination. Two of them are integer values (`adx-value` and `rsi-value`) and I want you test in the range of values 20 to 40. Then we have three category variables. First two are either `True` or `False`. We use these to either enable or disable the ADX and RSI guards. The last one we call `trigger` and use it to decide which buy trigger we want to use. So let's write the buy strategy using these values: ``` python def populate_buy_trend(dataframe: DataFrame) -> DataFrame: conditions = [] # GUARDS AND TRENDS if 'adx-enabled' in params and params['adx-enabled']: conditions.append(dataframe['adx'] > params['adx-value']) if 'rsi-enabled' in params and params['rsi-enabled']: conditions.append(dataframe['rsi'] < params['rsi-value']) # TRIGGERS if 'trigger' in params: if params['trigger'] == 'bb_lower': conditions.append(dataframe['close'] < dataframe['bb_lowerband']) if params['trigger'] == 'macd_cross_signal': conditions.append(qtpylib.crossed_above( dataframe['macd'], dataframe['macdsignal'] )) if conditions: dataframe.loc[ reduce(lambda x, y: x & y, conditions), 'buy'] = 1 return dataframe return populate_buy_trend ``` Hyperopting will now call this `populate_buy_trend` as many times you ask it (`epochs`) with different value combinations. It will then use the given historical data and make buys based on the buy signals generated with the above function and based on the results it will end with telling you which paramter combination produced the best profits. The search for best parameters starts with a few random combinations and then uses a regressor algorithm (currently ExtraTreesRegressor) to quickly find a parameter combination that minimizes the value of the [loss function](#loss-functions). The above setup expects to find ADX, RSI and Bollinger Bands in the populated indicators. When you want to test an indicator that isn't used by the bot currently, remember to add it to the `populate_indicators()` method in `hyperopt.py`. ## Loss-functions Each hyperparameter tuning requires a target. This is usually defined as a loss function (sometimes also called objective function), which should decrease for more desirable results, and increase for bad results. By default, FreqTrade uses a loss function, which has been with freqtrade since the beginning and optimizes mostly for short trade duration and avoiding losses. A different loss function can be specified by using the `--hyperopt-loss ` argument. This class should be in its own file within the `user_data/hyperopts/` directory. Currently, the following loss functions are builtin: `DefaultHyperOptLoss` (default legacy Freqtrade hyperoptimization loss function), `SharpeHyperOptLoss` (optimizes Sharpe Ratio calculated on the trade returns) and `OnlyProfitHyperOptLoss` (which takes only amount of profit into consideration). ### Creating and using a custom loss function To use a custom loss function class, make sure that the function `hyperopt_loss_function` is defined in your custom hyperopt loss class. For the sample below, you then need to add the command line parameter `--hyperopt-loss SuperDuperHyperOptLoss` to your hyperopt call so this fuction is being used. A sample of this can be found below, which is identical to the Default Hyperopt loss implementation. A full sample can be found [user_data/hyperopts/](https://github.com/freqtrade/freqtrade/blob/develop/user_data/hyperopts/sample_hyperopt_loss.py) ``` python from freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt import IHyperOptLoss TARGET_TRADES = 600 EXPECTED_MAX_PROFIT = 3.0 MAX_ACCEPTED_TRADE_DURATION = 300 class SuperDuperHyperOptLoss(IHyperOptLoss): """ Defines the default loss function for hyperopt """ @staticmethod def hyperopt_loss_function(results: DataFrame, trade_count: int, min_date: datetime, max_date: datetime, *args, **kwargs) -> float: """ Objective function, returns smaller number for better results This is the legacy algorithm (used until now in freqtrade). Weights are distributed as follows: * 0.4 to trade duration * 0.25: Avoiding trade loss * 1.0 to total profit, compared to the expected value (`EXPECTED_MAX_PROFIT`) defined above """ total_profit = results.profit_percent.sum() trade_duration = results.trade_duration.mean() trade_loss = 1 - 0.25 * exp(-(trade_count - TARGET_TRADES) ** 2 / 10 ** 5.8) profit_loss = max(0, 1 - total_profit / EXPECTED_MAX_PROFIT) duration_loss = 0.4 * min(trade_duration / MAX_ACCEPTED_TRADE_DURATION, 1) result = trade_loss + profit_loss + duration_loss return result ``` Currently, the arguments are: * `results`: DataFrame containing the result The following columns are available in results (corresponds to the output-file of backtesting when used with `--export trades`): `pair, profit_percent, profit_abs, open_time, close_time, open_index, close_index, trade_duration, open_at_end, open_rate, close_rate, sell_reason` * `trade_count`: Amount of trades (identical to `len(results)`) * `min_date`: Start date of the hyperopting TimeFrame * `min_date`: End date of the hyperopting TimeFrame This function needs to return a floating point number (`float`). Smaller numbers will be interpreted as better results. The parameters and balancing for this is up to you. !!! Note This function is called once per iteration - so please make sure to have this as optimized as possible to not slow hyperopt down unnecessarily. !!! Note Please keep the arguments `*args` and `**kwargs` in the interface to allow us to extend this interface later. ## Execute Hyperopt Once you have updated your hyperopt configuration you can run it. Because hyperopt tries a lot of combinations to find the best parameters it will take time to get a good result. More time usually results in better results. We strongly recommend to use `screen` or `tmux` to prevent any connection loss. ```bash freqtrade -c config.json hyperopt --customhyperopt -e 5000 --spaces all ``` Use `` as the name of the custom hyperopt used. The `-e` flag will set how many evaluations hyperopt will do. We recommend running at least several thousand evaluations. The `--spaces all` flag determines that all possible parameters should be optimized. Possibilities are listed below. !!! Note By default, hyperopt will erase previous results and start from scratch. Continuation can be archived by using `--continue`. !!! Warning When switching parameters or changing configuration options, make sure to not use the argument `--continue` so temporary results can be removed. ### Execute Hyperopt with Different Ticker-Data Source If you would like to hyperopt parameters using an alternate ticker data that you have on-disk, use the `--datadir PATH` option. Default hyperopt will use data from directory `user_data/data`. ### Running Hyperopt with Smaller Testset Use the `--timerange` argument to change how much of the testset you want to use. For example, to use one month of data, pass the following parameter to the hyperopt call: ```bash freqtrade hyperopt --timerange 20180401-20180501 ``` ### Running Hyperopt with Smaller Search Space Use the `--spaces` argument to limit the search space used by hyperopt. Letting Hyperopt optimize everything is a huuuuge search space. Often it might make more sense to start by just searching for initial buy algorithm. Or maybe you just want to optimize your stoploss or roi table for that awesome new buy strategy you have. Legal values are: * `all`: optimize everything * `buy`: just search for a new buy strategy * `sell`: just search for a new sell strategy * `roi`: just optimize the minimal profit table for your strategy * `stoploss`: search for the best stoploss value * space-separated list of any of the above values for example `--spaces roi stoploss` ### Position stacking and disabling max market positions In some situations, you may need to run Hyperopt (and Backtesting) with the `--eps`/`--enable-position-staking` and `--dmmp`/`--disable-max-market-positions` arguments. By default, hyperopt emulates the behavior of the Freqtrade Live Run/Dry Run, where only one open trade is allowed for every traded pair. The total number of trades open for all pairs is also limited by the `max_open_trades` setting. During Hyperopt/Backtesting this may lead to some potential trades to be hidden (or masked) by previosly open trades. The `--eps`/`--enable-position-stacking` argument allows emulation of buying the same pair multiple times, while `--dmmp`/`--disable-max-market-positions` disables applying `max_open_trades` during Hyperopt/Backtesting (which is equal to setting `max_open_trades` to a very high number). !!! Note Dry/live runs will **NOT** use position stacking - therefore it does make sense to also validate the strategy without this as it's closer to reality. You can also enable position stacking in the configuration file by explicitly setting `"position_stacking"=true`. ## Understand the Hyperopt Result Once Hyperopt is completed you can use the result to create a new strategy. Given the following result from hyperopt: ``` Best result: 44/100: 135 trades. Avg profit 0.57%. Total profit 0.03871918 BTC (0.7722Σ%). Avg duration 180.4 mins. Objective: 1.94367 Buy hyperspace params: { 'adx-value': 44, 'rsi-value': 29, 'adx-enabled': False, 'rsi-enabled': True, 'trigger': 'bb_lower'} ``` You should understand this result like: - The buy trigger that worked best was `bb_lower`. - You should not use ADX because `adx-enabled: False`) - You should **consider** using the RSI indicator (`rsi-enabled: True` and the best value is `29.0` (`rsi-value: 29.0`) You have to look inside your strategy file into `buy_strategy_generator()` method, what those values match to. So for example you had `rsi-value: 29.0` so we would look at `rsi`-block, that translates to the following code block: ``` python (dataframe['rsi'] < 29.0) ``` Translating your whole hyperopt result as the new buy-signal would then look like: ```python def populate_buy_trend(self, dataframe: DataFrame) -> DataFrame: dataframe.loc[ ( (dataframe['rsi'] < 29.0) & # rsi-value dataframe['close'] < dataframe['bb_lowerband'] # trigger ), 'buy'] = 1 return dataframe ``` You can use the `--print-all` command line option if you would like to see all results in the hyperopt output, not only the best ones. When the `--color/--print-colorized` command line option is used, the results are colorized -- bad results (with zero trades or limited by the `--min-trades` option) are red, current bests -- in green, results with positive total profit are printed in bold. ### Understand Hyperopt ROI results If you are optimizing ROI, you're result will look as follows and include a ROI table. ``` Best result: 44/100: 135 trades. Avg profit 0.57%. Total profit 0.03871918 BTC (0.7722Σ%). Avg duration 180.4 mins. Objective: 1.94367 Buy hyperspace params: { 'adx-value': 44, 'rsi-value': 29, 'adx-enabled': False, 'rsi-enabled': True, 'trigger': 'bb_lower'} ROI table: { 0: 0.10674752302642071, 21: 0.09158372701087236, 78: 0.03634636907306948, 118: 0} ``` This would translate to the following ROI table: ``` python minimal_roi = { "118": 0, "78": 0.0363, "21": 0.0915, "0": 0.106 } ``` ### Validate backtesting results Once the optimized strategy has been implemented into your strategy, you should backtest this strategy to make sure everything is working as expected. To achieve same results (number of trades, their durations, profit, etc.) than during Hyperopt, please use same set of arguments `--dmmp`/`--disable-max-market-positions` and `--eps`/`--enable-position-stacking` for Backtesting. ## Next Step Now you have a perfect bot and want to control it from Telegram. Your next step is to learn the [Telegram usage](telegram-usage.md).