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docs/freqai-reinforcement-learning.md
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# Reinforcement Learning # Reinforcement Learning
!!! Note !!! Note "Installation size"
Reinforcement learning dependencies include large packages such as `torch`, which should be explicitly requested during `./setup.sh -i` by answering "y" to the question "Do you also want dependencies for freqai-rl (~700mb additional space required) [y/N]?" Users who prefer docker should ensure they use the docker image appended with `_freqaiRL`. Reinforcement learning dependencies include large packages such as `torch`, which should be explicitly requested during `./setup.sh -i` by answering "y" to the question "Do you also want dependencies for freqai-rl (~700mb additional space required) [y/N]?" Users who prefer docker should ensure they use the docker image appended with `_freqaiRL`.
## Background and terminology ## Background and terminology
### What is RL and why does FreqAI need it? ### What is RL and why does FreqAI need it?
Reinforcement learning involves two important components, the *agent* and the training *environment*. During agent training, the agent moves through historical data candle by candle, always making 1 of a set of actions: Long entry, long exit, short entry, short exit, neutral). During this training process, the environment tracks the performance of these actions and rewards the agent according to a custom user made `calculate_reward()` (here we offer a default reward for users to build on if they wish [details here](#creating-the-reward)). The reward is used to train weights in a neural network. Reinforcement learning involves two important components, the *agent* and the training *environment*. During agent training, the agent moves through historical data candle by candle, always making 1 of a set of actions: Long entry, long exit, short entry, short exit, neutral). During this training process, the environment tracks the performance of these actions and rewards the agent according to a custom user made `calculate_reward()` (here we offer a default reward for users to build on if they wish [details here](#creating-the-reward)). The reward is used to train weights in a neural network.
A second important component of the FreqAI RL implementation is the use of *state* information. State information is fed into the network at each step, including current profit, current position, and current trade duration. These are used to train the agent in the training environment, and to reinforce the agent in dry/live (this functionality is not available in backtesting). *FreqAI + Freqtrade is a perfect match for this reinforcing mechanism since this information is readily available in live deployements.* A second important component of the FreqAI RL implementation is the use of *state* information. State information is fed into the network at each step, including current profit, current position, and current trade duration. These are used to train the agent in the training environment, and to reinforce the agent in dry/live (this functionality is not available in backtesting). *FreqAI + Freqtrade is a perfect match for this reinforcing mechanism since this information is readily available in live deployments.*
Reinforcement learning is a natural progression for FreqAI, since it adds a new layer of adaptivity and market reactivity that Classifiers and Regressors cannot match. However, Classifiers and Regressors have strengths that RL does not have such as robust predictions. Improperly trained RL agents may find "cheats" and "tricks" to maximize reward without actually winning any trades. For this reason, RL is more complex and demands a higher level of understanding than typical Classifiers and Regressors. Reinforcement learning is a natural progression for FreqAI, since it adds a new layer of adaptivity and market reactivity that Classifiers and Regressors cannot match. However, Classifiers and Regressors have strengths that RL does not have such as robust predictions. Improperly trained RL agents may find "cheats" and "tricks" to maximize reward without actually winning any trades. For this reason, RL is more complex and demands a higher level of understanding than typical Classifiers and Regressors.
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With the current framework, we aim to expose the training environment via the common "prediction model" file, which is a user inherited `BaseReinforcementLearner` object (e.g. `freqai/prediction_models/ReinforcementLearner`). Inside this user class, the RL environment is available and customized via `MyRLEnv` as [shown below](#creating-the-reward). With the current framework, we aim to expose the training environment via the common "prediction model" file, which is a user inherited `BaseReinforcementLearner` object (e.g. `freqai/prediction_models/ReinforcementLearner`). Inside this user class, the RL environment is available and customized via `MyRLEnv` as [shown below](#creating-the-reward).
We envision the majority of users focusing their effort on creative design of the `calculate_reward()` function [details here](#creating-the-reward), while leaving the rest of the environment untouched. Other users may not touch the environment at all, and they will only play with the configruation settings and the powerful feature engineering that already exists in FreqAI. Meanwhile, we enable advanced users to create their own model classes entirely. We envision the majority of users focusing their effort on creative design of the `calculate_reward()` function [details here](#creating-the-reward), while leaving the rest of the environment untouched. Other users may not touch the environment at all, and they will only play with the configuration settings and the powerful feature engineering that already exists in FreqAI. Meanwhile, we enable advanced users to create their own model classes entirely.
The framework is built on stable_baselines3 (torch) and openai gym for the base environment class. But generally speaking, the model class is well isolated. Thus, the addition of competing libraries can be easily integrated into the existing framework. For the environment, it is inheriting from `gym.env` which means that it is necessary to write an entirely new environment in order to switch to a different library.
The framework is built on stable_baselines3 (torch) and OpenAI gym for the base environment class. But generally speaking, the model class is well isolated. Thus, the addition of competing libraries can be easily integrated into the existing framework. For the environment, it is inheriting from `gym.env` which means that it is necessary to write an entirely new environment in order to switch to a different library.
### Important considerations ### Important considerations
As explained above, the agent is "trained" in an artificial trading "environment". In our case, that environment may seem quite similar to a real Freqtrade backtesting environment, but it is *NOT*. In fact, the RL trading environment is much more simplified. It does not incorporate any of the complicated strategy logic, such as callbacks such as `custom_exit`, `custom_stoploss`, leverage controls, etc. The RL environment is instead a very "raw" representation of the true market, where the agent has free-will to learn the policy (read: stoploss, take profit, ect) which is enforced by the `calculate_reward()`. Thus, it is important to consider that the agent training environment is not identical to the real world. As explained above, the agent is "trained" in an artificial trading "environment". In our case, that environment may seem quite similar to a real Freqtrade backtesting environment, but it is *NOT*. In fact, the RL trading environment is much more simplified. It does not incorporate any of the complicated strategy logic, such as callbacks such as `custom_exit`, `custom_stoploss`, leverage controls, etc. The RL environment is instead a very "raw" representation of the true market, where the agent has free-will to learn the policy (read: stoploss, take profit, ect) which is enforced by the `calculate_reward()`. Thus, it is important to consider that the agent training environment is not identical to the real world.
## Running Reinforcement Learning ## Running Reinforcement Learning
Setting up and running a Reinforcement Learning model is the same as running a Regressor or Classifier. The same two flags, `--freqaimodel` and `--strategy`, must be defined on the command line: Setting up and running a Reinforcement Learning model is the same as running a Regressor or Classifier. The same two flags, `--freqaimodel` and `--strategy`, must be defined on the command line:
@ -87,7 +84,7 @@ where `ReinforcementLearner` will use the templated `ReinforcementLearner` from
return df return df
``` ```
Most of the function remains the same as for typical Regressors, however, the function above shows how the strategy must pass the raw price data to the agent so that it has access to raw OHLCV in the training environent: Most of the function remains the same as for typical Regressors, however, the function above shows how the strategy must pass the raw price data to the agent so that it has access to raw OHLCV in the training environment:
```python ```python
# The following features are necessary for RL models # The following features are necessary for RL models
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![tensorboard](assets/tensorboard.jpg) ![tensorboard](assets/tensorboard.jpg)
### Choosing a base environment ### Choosing a base environment
FreqAI provides two base environments, `Base4ActionEnvironment` and `Base5ActionEnvironment`. As the names imply, the environments are customized for agents that can select from 4 or 5 actions. In the `Base4ActionEnvironment`, the agent can enter long, enter short, hold neutral, or exit position. Meanwhile, in the `Base5ActionEnvironment`, the agent has the same actions as Base4, but instead of a single exit action, it separates exit long and exit short. The main changes stemming from the environment selection include: FreqAI provides two base environments, `Base4ActionEnvironment` and `Base5ActionEnvironment`. As the names imply, the environments are customized for agents that can select from 4 or 5 actions. In the `Base4ActionEnvironment`, the agent can enter long, enter short, hold neutral, or exit position. Meanwhile, in the `Base5ActionEnvironment`, the agent has the same actions as Base4, but instead of a single exit action, it separates exit long and exit short. The main changes stemming from the environment selection include: