stable/tests/optimize/test_hyperopt.py

# pragma pylint: disable=missing-docstring,W0212,C0103
import logging
import re
from datetime import datetime
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Dict, List
from unittest.mock import ANY, MagicMock

import pandas as pd
import pytest
from arrow import Arrow
from filelock import Timeout

from freqtrade.commands.optimize_commands import setup_optimize_configuration, start_hyperopt
from freqtrade.data.history import load_data
from freqtrade.enums import RunMode, SellType
from freqtrade.exceptions import OperationalException
from freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt import Hyperopt
from freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt_auto import HyperOptAuto
from freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt_tools import HyperoptTools
from freqtrade.optimize.optimize_reports import generate_strategy_stats
from freqtrade.optimize.space import SKDecimal
from freqtrade.resolvers.hyperopt_resolver import HyperOptResolver
from freqtrade.strategy.hyper import IntParameter
from tests.conftest import (get_args, log_has, log_has_re, patch_exchange,
                            patched_configuration_load_config_file)

from .hyperopts.default_hyperopt import DefaultHyperOpt


# Functions for recurrent object patching
def create_results() -> List[Dict]:

    return [{'loss': 1, 'result': 'foo', 'params': {}, 'is_best': True}]


def test_setup_hyperopt_configuration_without_arguments(mocker, default_conf, caplog) -> None:
    patched_configuration_load_config_file(mocker, default_conf)

    args = [
        'hyperopt',
        '--config', 'config.json',
        '--hyperopt', 'DefaultHyperOpt',
    ]

    config = setup_optimize_configuration(get_args(args), RunMode.HYPEROPT)
    assert 'max_open_trades' in config
    assert 'stake_currency' in config
    assert 'stake_amount' in config
    assert 'exchange' in config
    assert 'pair_whitelist' in config['exchange']
    assert 'datadir' in config
    assert log_has('Using data directory: {} ...'.format(config['datadir']), caplog)
    assert 'timeframe' in config
    assert not log_has_re('Parameter -i/--ticker-interval detected .*', caplog)

    assert 'position_stacking' not in config
    assert not log_has('Parameter --enable-position-stacking detected ...', caplog)

    assert 'timerange' not in config
    assert 'runmode' in config
    assert config['runmode'] == RunMode.HYPEROPT


def test_setup_hyperopt_configuration_with_arguments(mocker, default_conf, caplog) -> None:
    patched_configuration_load_config_file(mocker, default_conf)
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.configuration.configuration.create_datadir',
        lambda c, x: x
    )

    args = [
        'hyperopt',
        '--config', 'config.json',
        '--hyperopt', 'DefaultHyperOpt',
        '--datadir', '/foo/bar',
        '--timeframe', '1m',
        '--timerange', ':100',
        '--enable-position-stacking',
        '--disable-max-market-positions',
        '--epochs', '1000',
        '--spaces', 'default',
        '--print-all'
    ]

    config = setup_optimize_configuration(get_args(args), RunMode.HYPEROPT)
    assert 'max_open_trades' in config
    assert 'stake_currency' in config
    assert 'stake_amount' in config
    assert 'exchange' in config
    assert 'pair_whitelist' in config['exchange']
    assert 'datadir' in config
    assert config['runmode'] == RunMode.HYPEROPT

    assert log_has('Using data directory: {} ...'.format(config['datadir']), caplog)
    assert 'timeframe' in config
    assert log_has('Parameter -i/--timeframe detected ... Using timeframe: 1m ...',
                   caplog)

    assert 'position_stacking' in config
    assert log_has('Parameter --enable-position-stacking detected ...', caplog)

    assert 'use_max_market_positions' in config
    assert log_has('Parameter --disable-max-market-positions detected ...', caplog)
    assert log_has('max_open_trades set to unlimited ...', caplog)

    assert 'timerange' in config
    assert log_has('Parameter --timerange detected: {} ...'.format(config['timerange']), caplog)

    assert 'epochs' in config
    assert log_has('Parameter --epochs detected ... Will run Hyperopt with for 1000 epochs ...',
                   caplog)

    assert 'spaces' in config
    assert log_has('Parameter -s/--spaces detected: {}'.format(config['spaces']), caplog)
    assert 'print_all' in config
    assert log_has('Parameter --print-all detected ...', caplog)


def test_setup_hyperopt_configuration_stake_amount(mocker, default_conf) -> None:

    patched_configuration_load_config_file(mocker, default_conf)

    args = [
        'hyperopt',
        '--config', 'config.json',
        '--hyperopt', 'DefaultHyperOpt',
        '--stake-amount', '1',
        '--starting-balance', '2'
    ]
    conf = setup_optimize_configuration(get_args(args), RunMode.HYPEROPT)
    assert isinstance(conf, dict)

    args = [
        'hyperopt',
        '--config', 'config.json',
        '--strategy', 'DefaultStrategy',
        '--stake-amount', '1',
        '--starting-balance', '0.5'
    ]
    with pytest.raises(OperationalException, match=r"Starting balance .* smaller .*"):
        setup_optimize_configuration(get_args(args), RunMode.HYPEROPT)


def test_hyperoptresolver(mocker, default_conf, caplog) -> None:
    patched_configuration_load_config_file(mocker, default_conf)

    hyperopt = DefaultHyperOpt
    delattr(hyperopt, 'populate_indicators')
    delattr(hyperopt, 'populate_buy_trend')
    delattr(hyperopt, 'populate_sell_trend')
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.resolvers.hyperopt_resolver.HyperOptResolver.load_object',
        MagicMock(return_value=hyperopt(default_conf))
    )
    default_conf.update({'hyperopt': 'DefaultHyperOpt'})
    x = HyperOptResolver.load_hyperopt(default_conf)
    assert not hasattr(x, 'populate_indicators')
    assert not hasattr(x, 'populate_buy_trend')
    assert not hasattr(x, 'populate_sell_trend')
    assert log_has("Hyperopt class does not provide populate_indicators() method. "
                   "Using populate_indicators from the strategy.", caplog)
    assert log_has("Hyperopt class does not provide populate_sell_trend() method. "
                   "Using populate_sell_trend from the strategy.", caplog)
    assert log_has("Hyperopt class does not provide populate_buy_trend() method. "
                   "Using populate_buy_trend from the strategy.", caplog)
    assert hasattr(x, "ticker_interval")  # DEPRECATED
    assert hasattr(x, "timeframe")


def test_hyperoptresolver_wrongname(default_conf) -> None:
    default_conf.update({'hyperopt': "NonExistingHyperoptClass"})

    with pytest.raises(OperationalException, match=r'Impossible to load Hyperopt.*'):
        HyperOptResolver.load_hyperopt(default_conf)


def test_hyperoptresolver_noname(default_conf):
    default_conf['hyperopt'] = ''
    with pytest.raises(OperationalException,
                       match="No Hyperopt set. Please use `--hyperopt` to specify "
                             "the Hyperopt class to use."):
        HyperOptResolver.load_hyperopt(default_conf)


def test_start_not_installed(mocker, default_conf, import_fails) -> None:
    start_mock = MagicMock()
    patched_configuration_load_config_file(mocker, default_conf)

    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt.start', start_mock)
    patch_exchange(mocker)

    args = [
        'hyperopt',
        '--config', 'config.json',
        '--hyperopt', 'DefaultHyperOpt',
        '--hyperopt-path',
        str(Path(__file__).parent / "hyperopts"),
        '--epochs', '5',
        '--hyperopt-loss', 'SharpeHyperOptLossDaily',
    ]
    pargs = get_args(args)

    with pytest.raises(OperationalException, match=r"Please ensure that the hyperopt dependencies"):
        start_hyperopt(pargs)


def test_start(mocker, hyperopt_conf, caplog) -> None:
    start_mock = MagicMock()
    patched_configuration_load_config_file(mocker, hyperopt_conf)
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt.start', start_mock)
    patch_exchange(mocker)

    args = [
        'hyperopt',
        '--config', 'config.json',
        '--hyperopt', 'DefaultHyperOpt',
        '--hyperopt-loss', 'SharpeHyperOptLossDaily',
        '--epochs', '5'
    ]
    pargs = get_args(args)
    start_hyperopt(pargs)

    assert log_has('Starting freqtrade in Hyperopt mode', caplog)
    assert start_mock.call_count == 1


def test_start_no_data(mocker, hyperopt_conf) -> None:
    patched_configuration_load_config_file(mocker, hyperopt_conf)
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.data.history.load_pair_history', MagicMock(return_value=pd.DataFrame))
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
        MagicMock(return_value=(datetime(2017, 12, 10), datetime(2017, 12, 13)))
    )

    patch_exchange(mocker)

    args = [
        'hyperopt',
        '--config', 'config.json',
        '--hyperopt', 'DefaultHyperOpt',
        '--hyperopt-loss', 'SharpeHyperOptLossDaily',
        '--epochs', '5'
    ]
    pargs = get_args(args)
    with pytest.raises(OperationalException, match='No data found. Terminating.'):
        start_hyperopt(pargs)


def test_start_filelock(mocker, hyperopt_conf, caplog) -> None:
    hyperopt_mock = MagicMock(side_effect=Timeout(Hyperopt.get_lock_filename(hyperopt_conf)))
    patched_configuration_load_config_file(mocker, hyperopt_conf)
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt.__init__', hyperopt_mock)
    patch_exchange(mocker)

    args = [
        'hyperopt',
        '--config', 'config.json',
        '--hyperopt', 'DefaultHyperOpt',
        '--hyperopt-loss', 'SharpeHyperOptLossDaily',
        '--epochs', '5'
    ]
    pargs = get_args(args)
    start_hyperopt(pargs)
    assert log_has("Another running instance of freqtrade Hyperopt detected.", caplog)


def test_log_results_if_loss_improves(hyperopt, capsys) -> None:
    hyperopt.current_best_loss = 2
    hyperopt.total_epochs = 2

    hyperopt.print_results(
        {
            'loss': 1,
            'results_metrics':
                {
                    'trade_count': 1,
                    'avg_profit': 0.1,
                    'total_profit': 0.001,
                    'profit': 1.0,
                    'duration': 20.0
                },
            'total_profit': 0,
            'current_epoch': 2,  # This starts from 1 (in a human-friendly manner)
            'is_initial_point': False,
            'is_best': True
        }
    )
    out, err = capsys.readouterr()
    assert all(x in out
               for x in ["Best", "2/2", " 1", "0.10%", "0.00100000 BTC    (1.00%)", "20.0 m"])


def test_no_log_if_loss_does_not_improve(hyperopt, caplog) -> None:
    hyperopt.current_best_loss = 2
    hyperopt.print_results(
        {
            'is_best': False,
            'loss': 3,
            'current_epoch': 1,
        }
    )
    assert caplog.record_tuples == []


def test_save_results_saves_epochs(mocker, hyperopt, tmpdir, caplog) -> None:
    # Test writing to temp dir and reading again
    epochs = create_results()
    hyperopt.results_file = Path(tmpdir / 'ut_results.fthypt')

    caplog.set_level(logging.DEBUG)

    for epoch in epochs:
        hyperopt._save_result(epoch)
    assert log_has(f"1 epoch saved to '{hyperopt.results_file}'.", caplog)

    hyperopt._save_result(epochs[0])
    assert log_has(f"2 epochs saved to '{hyperopt.results_file}'.", caplog)

    hyperopt_epochs = HyperoptTools.load_previous_results(hyperopt.results_file)
    assert len(hyperopt_epochs) == 2


def test_load_previous_results(testdatadir, caplog) -> None:

    results_file = testdatadir / 'hyperopt_results_SampleStrategy.pickle'

    hyperopt_epochs = HyperoptTools.load_previous_results(results_file)

    assert len(hyperopt_epochs) == 5
    assert log_has_re(r"Reading pickled epochs from .*", caplog)

    caplog.clear()

    # Modern version
    results_file = testdatadir / 'strategy_SampleStrategy.fthypt'

    hyperopt_epochs = HyperoptTools.load_previous_results(results_file)

    assert len(hyperopt_epochs) == 5
    assert log_has_re(r"Reading epochs from .*", caplog)


def test_load_previous_results2(mocker, testdatadir, caplog) -> None:
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt_tools.HyperoptTools._read_results_pickle',
                 return_value=[{'asdf': '222'}])
    results_file = testdatadir / 'hyperopt_results_SampleStrategy.pickle'
    with pytest.raises(OperationalException, match=r"The file .* incompatible.*"):
        HyperoptTools.load_previous_results(results_file)


def test_roi_table_generation(hyperopt) -> None:
    params = {
        'roi_t1': 5,
        'roi_t2': 10,
        'roi_t3': 15,
        'roi_p1': 1,
        'roi_p2': 2,
        'roi_p3': 3,
    }

    assert hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table(params) == {0: 6, 15: 3, 25: 1, 30: 0}


def test_start_calls_optimizer(mocker, hyperopt_conf, capsys) -> None:
    dumper = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.dump')
    dumper2 = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt._save_result')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.file_dump_json')

    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.backtesting.Backtesting.load_bt_data',
                 MagicMock(return_value=(MagicMock(), None)))
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
        MagicMock(return_value=(datetime(2017, 12, 10), datetime(2017, 12, 13)))
    )

    parallel = mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt.run_optimizer_parallel',
        MagicMock(return_value=[{
            'loss': 1, 'results_explanation': 'foo result',
            'params': {'buy': {}, 'sell': {}, 'roi': {}, 'stoploss': 0.0},
            'results_metrics':
            {
                'trade_count': 1,
                'avg_profit': 0.1,
                'total_profit': 0.001,
                'profit': 1.0,
                'duration': 20.0
            },
        }])
    )
    patch_exchange(mocker)
    # Co-test loading timeframe from strategy
    del hyperopt_conf['timeframe']

    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.ohlcvdata_to_dataframe = MagicMock()
    hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table = MagicMock(return_value={})

    hyperopt.start()

    parallel.assert_called_once()

    out, err = capsys.readouterr()
    assert 'Best result:\n\n*    1/1: foo result Objective: 1.00000\n' in out
    # Should be called for historical candle data
    assert dumper.call_count == 1
    assert dumper2.call_count == 1
    assert hasattr(hyperopt.backtesting.strategy, "advise_sell")
    assert hasattr(hyperopt.backtesting.strategy, "advise_buy")
    assert hasattr(hyperopt, "max_open_trades")
    assert hyperopt.max_open_trades == hyperopt_conf['max_open_trades']
    assert hasattr(hyperopt, "position_stacking")


def test_hyperopt_format_results(hyperopt):

    bt_result = {
        'results': pd.DataFrame({"pair": ["UNITTEST/BTC", "UNITTEST/BTC",
                                          "UNITTEST/BTC", "UNITTEST/BTC"],
                                 "profit_ratio": [0.003312, 0.010801, 0.013803, 0.002780],
                                 "profit_abs": [0.000003, 0.000011, 0.000014, 0.000003],
                                 "open_date": [Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 19, 32, 00).datetime,
                                               Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 21, 36, 00).datetime,
                                               Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 22, 12, 00).datetime,
                                               Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 22, 44, 00).datetime],
                                 "close_date": [Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 21, 35, 00).datetime,
                                                Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 22, 10, 00).datetime,
                                                Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 22, 43, 00).datetime,
                                                Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 22, 58, 00).datetime],
                                 "open_rate": [0.002543, 0.003003, 0.003089, 0.003214],
                                 "close_rate": [0.002546, 0.003014, 0.003103, 0.003217],
                                 "trade_duration": [123, 34, 31, 14],
                                 "is_open": [False, False, False, True],
                                 "stake_amount": [0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01],
                                 "sell_reason": [SellType.ROI, SellType.STOP_LOSS,
                                                 SellType.ROI, SellType.FORCE_SELL]
                                 }),
        'config': hyperopt.config,
        'locks': [],
        'final_balance': 0.02,
        'rejected_signals': 2,
        'backtest_start_time': 1619718665,
        'backtest_end_time': 1619718665,
        }
    results_metrics = generate_strategy_stats({'XRP/BTC': None}, '', bt_result,
                                              Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 19, 32, 00),
                                              Arrow(2017, 12, 14, 19, 32, 00), market_change=0)

    results_explanation = HyperoptTools.format_results_explanation_string(results_metrics, 'BTC')
    total_profit = results_metrics['profit_total_abs']

    results = {
        'loss': 0.0,
        'params_dict': None,
        'params_details': None,
        'results_metrics': results_metrics,
        'results_explanation': results_explanation,
        'total_profit': total_profit,
        'current_epoch': 1,
        'is_initial_point': True,
    }

    result = HyperoptTools._format_explanation_string(results, 1)
    assert ' 0.71%' in result
    assert 'Total profit  0.00003100 BTC' in result
    assert '0:50:00 min' in result


@pytest.mark.parametrize("spaces, expected_results", [
    (['buy'],
     {'buy': True, 'sell': False, 'roi': False, 'stoploss': False, 'trailing': False}),
    (['sell'],
     {'buy': False, 'sell': True, 'roi': False, 'stoploss': False, 'trailing': False}),
    (['roi'],
     {'buy': False, 'sell': False, 'roi': True, 'stoploss': False, 'trailing': False}),
    (['stoploss'],
     {'buy': False, 'sell': False, 'roi': False, 'stoploss': True, 'trailing': False}),
    (['trailing'],
     {'buy': False, 'sell': False, 'roi': False, 'stoploss': False, 'trailing': True}),
    (['buy', 'sell', 'roi', 'stoploss'],
     {'buy': True, 'sell': True, 'roi': True, 'stoploss': True, 'trailing': False}),
    (['buy', 'sell', 'roi', 'stoploss', 'trailing'],
     {'buy': True, 'sell': True, 'roi': True, 'stoploss': True, 'trailing': True}),
    (['buy', 'roi'],
     {'buy': True, 'sell': False, 'roi': True, 'stoploss': False, 'trailing': False}),
    (['all'],
     {'buy': True, 'sell': True, 'roi': True, 'stoploss': True, 'trailing': True}),
    (['default'],
     {'buy': True, 'sell': True, 'roi': True, 'stoploss': True, 'trailing': False}),
    (['default', 'trailing'],
     {'buy': True, 'sell': True, 'roi': True, 'stoploss': True, 'trailing': True}),
    (['all', 'buy'],
     {'buy': True, 'sell': True, 'roi': True, 'stoploss': True, 'trailing': True}),
    (['default', 'buy'],
     {'buy': True, 'sell': True, 'roi': True, 'stoploss': True, 'trailing': False}),
])
def test_has_space(hyperopt_conf, spaces, expected_results):
    for s in ['buy', 'sell', 'roi', 'stoploss', 'trailing']:
        hyperopt_conf.update({'spaces': spaces})
        assert HyperoptTools.has_space(hyperopt_conf, s) == expected_results[s]


def test_populate_indicators(hyperopt, testdatadir) -> None:
    data = load_data(testdatadir, '1m', ['UNITTEST/BTC'], fill_up_missing=True)
    dataframes = hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.ohlcvdata_to_dataframe(data)
    dataframe = hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.populate_indicators(dataframes['UNITTEST/BTC'],
                                                             {'pair': 'UNITTEST/BTC'})

    # Check if some indicators are generated. We will not test all of them
    assert 'adx' in dataframe
    assert 'mfi' in dataframe
    assert 'rsi' in dataframe


def test_buy_strategy_generator(hyperopt, testdatadir) -> None:
    data = load_data(testdatadir, '1m', ['UNITTEST/BTC'], fill_up_missing=True)
    dataframes = hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.ohlcvdata_to_dataframe(data)
    dataframe = hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.populate_indicators(dataframes['UNITTEST/BTC'],
                                                             {'pair': 'UNITTEST/BTC'})

    populate_buy_trend = hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.buy_strategy_generator(
        {
            'adx-value': 20,
            'fastd-value': 20,
            'mfi-value': 20,
            'rsi-value': 20,
            'adx-enabled': True,
            'fastd-enabled': True,
            'mfi-enabled': True,
            'rsi-enabled': True,
            'trigger': 'bb_lower'
        }
    )
    result = populate_buy_trend(dataframe, {'pair': 'UNITTEST/BTC'})
    # Check if some indicators are generated. We will not test all of them
    assert 'buy' in result
    assert 1 in result['buy']


def test_sell_strategy_generator(hyperopt, testdatadir) -> None:
    data = load_data(testdatadir, '1m', ['UNITTEST/BTC'], fill_up_missing=True)
    dataframes = hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.ohlcvdata_to_dataframe(data)
    dataframe = hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.populate_indicators(dataframes['UNITTEST/BTC'],
                                                             {'pair': 'UNITTEST/BTC'})

    populate_sell_trend = hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.sell_strategy_generator(
        {
            'sell-adx-value': 20,
            'sell-fastd-value': 75,
            'sell-mfi-value': 80,
            'sell-rsi-value': 20,
            'sell-adx-enabled': True,
            'sell-fastd-enabled': True,
            'sell-mfi-enabled': True,
            'sell-rsi-enabled': True,
            'sell-trigger': 'sell-bb_upper'
        }
    )
    result = populate_sell_trend(dataframe, {'pair': 'UNITTEST/BTC'})
    # Check if some indicators are generated. We will not test all of them
    print(result)
    assert 'sell' in result
    assert 1 in result['sell']


def test_generate_optimizer(mocker, hyperopt_conf) -> None:
    hyperopt_conf.update({'spaces': 'all',
                          'hyperopt_min_trades': 1,
                          })

    backtest_result = {
        'results': pd.DataFrame({"pair": ["UNITTEST/BTC", "UNITTEST/BTC",
                                          "UNITTEST/BTC", "UNITTEST/BTC"],
                                 "profit_ratio": [0.003312, 0.010801, 0.013803, 0.002780],
                                 "profit_abs": [0.000003, 0.000011, 0.000014, 0.000003],
                                 "open_date": [Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 19, 32, 00).datetime,
                                               Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 21, 36, 00).datetime,
                                               Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 22, 12, 00).datetime,
                                               Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 22, 44, 00).datetime],
                                 "close_date": [Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 21, 35, 00).datetime,
                                                Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 22, 10, 00).datetime,
                                                Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 22, 43, 00).datetime,
                                                Arrow(2017, 11, 14, 22, 58, 00).datetime],
                                 "open_rate": [0.002543, 0.003003, 0.003089, 0.003214],
                                 "close_rate": [0.002546, 0.003014, 0.003103, 0.003217],
                                 "trade_duration": [123, 34, 31, 14],
                                 "is_open": [False, False, False, True],
                                 "stake_amount": [0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01],
                                 "sell_reason": [SellType.ROI, SellType.STOP_LOSS,
                                                 SellType.ROI, SellType.FORCE_SELL]
                                 }),
        'config': hyperopt_conf,
        'locks': [],
        'rejected_signals': 20,
        'final_balance': 1000,
    }

    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Backtesting.backtest', return_value=backtest_result)
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
                 return_value=(Arrow(2017, 12, 10), Arrow(2017, 12, 13)))
    patch_exchange(mocker)
    mocker.patch.object(Path, 'open')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.load', return_value={'XRP/BTC': None})

    optimizer_param = {
        'adx-value': 0,
        'fastd-value': 35,
        'mfi-value': 0,
        'rsi-value': 0,
        'adx-enabled': False,
        'fastd-enabled': True,
        'mfi-enabled': False,
        'rsi-enabled': False,
        'trigger': 'macd_cross_signal',
        'sell-adx-value': 0,
        'sell-fastd-value': 75,
        'sell-mfi-value': 0,
        'sell-rsi-value': 0,
        'sell-adx-enabled': False,
        'sell-fastd-enabled': True,
        'sell-mfi-enabled': False,
        'sell-rsi-enabled': False,
        'sell-trigger': 'macd_cross_signal',
        'roi_t1': 60.0,
        'roi_t2': 30.0,
        'roi_t3': 20.0,
        'roi_p1': 0.01,
        'roi_p2': 0.01,
        'roi_p3': 0.1,
        'stoploss': -0.4,
        'trailing_stop': True,
        'trailing_stop_positive': 0.02,
        'trailing_stop_positive_offset_p1': 0.05,
        'trailing_only_offset_is_reached': False,
    }
    response_expected = {
        'loss': 1.9147239021396234,
        'results_explanation': ('     4 trades. 4/0/0 Wins/Draws/Losses. '
                                'Avg profit   0.77%. Median profit   0.71%. Total profit  '
                                '0.00003100 BTC (   0.00%). '
                                'Avg duration 0:50:00 min.'
                                ),
        'params_details': {'buy': {'adx-enabled': False,
                                   'adx-value': 0,
                                   'fastd-enabled': True,
                                   'fastd-value': 35,
                                   'mfi-enabled': False,
                                   'mfi-value': 0,
                                   'rsi-enabled': False,
                                   'rsi-value': 0,
                                   'trigger': 'macd_cross_signal'},
                           'roi': {"0": 0.12000000000000001,
                                   "20.0": 0.02,
                                   "50.0": 0.01,
                                   "110.0": 0},
                           'sell': {'sell-adx-enabled': False,
                                    'sell-adx-value': 0,
                                    'sell-fastd-enabled': True,
                                    'sell-fastd-value': 75,
                                    'sell-mfi-enabled': False,
                                    'sell-mfi-value': 0,
                                    'sell-rsi-enabled': False,
                                    'sell-rsi-value': 0,
                                    'sell-trigger': 'macd_cross_signal'},
                           'stoploss': {'stoploss': -0.4},
                           'trailing': {'trailing_only_offset_is_reached': False,
                                        'trailing_stop': True,
                                        'trailing_stop_positive': 0.02,
                                        'trailing_stop_positive_offset': 0.07}},
        'params_dict': optimizer_param,
        'params_not_optimized': {'buy': {}, 'sell': {}},
        'results_metrics': ANY,
        'total_profit': 3.1e-08
    }

    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.min_date = Arrow(2017, 12, 10)
    hyperopt.max_date = Arrow(2017, 12, 13)
    hyperopt.init_spaces()
    hyperopt.dimensions = hyperopt.dimensions
    generate_optimizer_value = hyperopt.generate_optimizer(list(optimizer_param.values()))
    assert generate_optimizer_value == response_expected


def test_clean_hyperopt(mocker, hyperopt_conf, caplog):
    patch_exchange(mocker)

    mocker.patch("freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Path.is_file", MagicMock(return_value=True))
    unlinkmock = mocker.patch("freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Path.unlink", MagicMock())
    h = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)

    assert unlinkmock.call_count == 2
    assert log_has(f"Removing `{h.data_pickle_file}`.", caplog)


def test_print_json_spaces_all(mocker, hyperopt_conf, capsys) -> None:
    dumper = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.dump')
    dumper2 = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt._save_result')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.file_dump_json')

    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.backtesting.Backtesting.load_bt_data',
                 MagicMock(return_value=(MagicMock(), None)))
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
        MagicMock(return_value=(datetime(2017, 12, 10), datetime(2017, 12, 13)))
    )

    parallel = mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt.run_optimizer_parallel',
        MagicMock(return_value=[{
            'loss': 1, 'results_explanation': 'foo result', 'params': {},
            'params_details': {
                'buy': {'mfi-value': None},
                'sell': {'sell-mfi-value': None},
                'roi': {}, 'stoploss': {'stoploss': None},
                'trailing': {'trailing_stop': None}
            },
            'results_metrics':
            {
                'trade_count': 1,
                'avg_profit': 0.1,
                'total_profit': 0.001,
                'profit': 1.0,
                'duration': 20.0
            }
        }])
    )
    patch_exchange(mocker)

    hyperopt_conf.update({'spaces': 'all',
                          'hyperopt_jobs': 1,
                          'print_json': True,
                          })

    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.ohlcvdata_to_dataframe = MagicMock()
    hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table = MagicMock(return_value={})

    hyperopt.start()

    parallel.assert_called_once()

    out, err = capsys.readouterr()
    result_str = (
        '{"params":{"mfi-value":null,"sell-mfi-value":null},"minimal_roi"'
        ':{},"stoploss":null,"trailing_stop":null}'
    )
    assert result_str in out  # noqa: E501
    # Should be called for historical candle data
    assert dumper.call_count == 1
    assert dumper2.call_count == 1


def test_print_json_spaces_default(mocker, hyperopt_conf, capsys) -> None:
    dumper = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.dump')
    dumper2 = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt._save_result')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.file_dump_json')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.backtesting.Backtesting.load_bt_data',
                 MagicMock(return_value=(MagicMock(), None)))
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
        MagicMock(return_value=(datetime(2017, 12, 10), datetime(2017, 12, 13)))
    )

    parallel = mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt.run_optimizer_parallel',
        MagicMock(return_value=[{
            'loss': 1, 'results_explanation': 'foo result', 'params': {},
            'params_details': {
                'buy': {'mfi-value': None},
                'sell': {'sell-mfi-value': None},
                'roi': {}, 'stoploss': {'stoploss': None}
            },
            'results_metrics':
            {
                'trade_count': 1,
                'avg_profit': 0.1,
                'total_profit': 0.001,
                'profit': 1.0,
                'duration': 20.0
            }
        }])
    )
    patch_exchange(mocker)

    hyperopt_conf.update({'print_json': True})

    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.ohlcvdata_to_dataframe = MagicMock()
    hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table = MagicMock(return_value={})

    hyperopt.start()

    parallel.assert_called_once()

    out, err = capsys.readouterr()
    assert '{"params":{"mfi-value":null,"sell-mfi-value":null},"minimal_roi":{},"stoploss":null}' in out  # noqa: E501
    # Should be called for historical candle data
    assert dumper.call_count == 1
    assert dumper2.call_count == 1


def test_print_json_spaces_roi_stoploss(mocker, hyperopt_conf, capsys) -> None:
    dumper = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.dump')
    dumper2 = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt._save_result')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.file_dump_json')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.backtesting.Backtesting.load_bt_data',
                 MagicMock(return_value=(MagicMock(), None)))
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
        MagicMock(return_value=(datetime(2017, 12, 10), datetime(2017, 12, 13)))
    )

    parallel = mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt.run_optimizer_parallel',
        MagicMock(return_value=[{
            'loss': 1, 'results_explanation': 'foo result', 'params': {},
            'params_details': {'roi': {}, 'stoploss': {'stoploss': None}},
            'results_metrics':
            {
                'trade_count': 1,
                'avg_profit': 0.1,
                'total_profit': 0.001,
                'profit': 1.0,
                'duration': 20.0
            }
        }])
    )
    patch_exchange(mocker)

    hyperopt_conf.update({'spaces': 'roi stoploss',
                          'hyperopt_jobs': 1,
                          'print_json': True,
                          })

    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.ohlcvdata_to_dataframe = MagicMock()
    hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table = MagicMock(return_value={})

    hyperopt.start()

    parallel.assert_called_once()

    out, err = capsys.readouterr()
    assert '{"minimal_roi":{},"stoploss":null}' in out

    assert dumper.call_count == 1
    assert dumper2.call_count == 1


def test_simplified_interface_roi_stoploss(mocker, hyperopt_conf, capsys) -> None:
    dumper = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.dump')
    dumper2 = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt._save_result')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.file_dump_json')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.backtesting.Backtesting.load_bt_data',
                 MagicMock(return_value=(MagicMock(), None)))
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
        MagicMock(return_value=(datetime(2017, 12, 10), datetime(2017, 12, 13)))
    )

    parallel = mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt.run_optimizer_parallel',
        MagicMock(return_value=[{
            'loss': 1, 'results_explanation': 'foo result', 'params': {'stoploss': 0.0},
            'results_metrics':
            {
                'trade_count': 1,
                'avg_profit': 0.1,
                'total_profit': 0.001,
                'profit': 1.0,
                'duration': 20.0
            }
        }])
    )
    patch_exchange(mocker)

    hyperopt_conf.update({'spaces': 'roi stoploss'})

    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.ohlcvdata_to_dataframe = MagicMock()
    hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table = MagicMock(return_value={})

    del hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.__class__.buy_strategy_generator
    del hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.__class__.sell_strategy_generator
    del hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.__class__.indicator_space
    del hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.__class__.sell_indicator_space

    hyperopt.start()

    parallel.assert_called_once()

    out, err = capsys.readouterr()
    assert 'Best result:\n\n*    1/1: foo result Objective: 1.00000\n' in out
    assert dumper.call_count == 1
    assert dumper2.call_count == 1

    assert hasattr(hyperopt.backtesting.strategy, "advise_sell")
    assert hasattr(hyperopt.backtesting.strategy, "advise_buy")
    assert hasattr(hyperopt, "max_open_trades")
    assert hyperopt.max_open_trades == hyperopt_conf['max_open_trades']
    assert hasattr(hyperopt, "position_stacking")


def test_simplified_interface_all_failed(mocker, hyperopt_conf) -> None:
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.dump', MagicMock())
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.file_dump_json')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.backtesting.Backtesting.load_bt_data',
                 MagicMock(return_value=(MagicMock(), None)))
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
        MagicMock(return_value=(datetime(2017, 12, 10), datetime(2017, 12, 13)))
    )

    patch_exchange(mocker)

    hyperopt_conf.update({'spaces': 'all', })

    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.ohlcvdata_to_dataframe = MagicMock()
    hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table = MagicMock(return_value={})

    del hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.__class__.buy_strategy_generator
    del hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.__class__.sell_strategy_generator
    del hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.__class__.indicator_space
    del hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.__class__.sell_indicator_space

    with pytest.raises(OperationalException, match=r"The 'buy' space is included into *"):
        hyperopt.start()


def test_simplified_interface_buy(mocker, hyperopt_conf, capsys) -> None:
    dumper = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.dump')
    dumper2 = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt._save_result')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.file_dump_json')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.backtesting.Backtesting.load_bt_data',
                 MagicMock(return_value=(MagicMock(), None)))
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
        MagicMock(return_value=(datetime(2017, 12, 10), datetime(2017, 12, 13)))
    )

    parallel = mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt.run_optimizer_parallel',
        MagicMock(return_value=[{
            'loss': 1, 'results_explanation': 'foo result', 'params': {},
            'results_metrics':
            {
                'trade_count': 1,
                'avg_profit': 0.1,
                'total_profit': 0.001,
                'profit': 1.0,
                'duration': 20.0
            }
        }])
    )
    patch_exchange(mocker)

    hyperopt_conf.update({'spaces': 'buy'})

    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.ohlcvdata_to_dataframe = MagicMock()
    hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table = MagicMock(return_value={})

    # TODO: sell_strategy_generator() is actually not called because
    # run_optimizer_parallel() is mocked
    del hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.__class__.sell_strategy_generator
    del hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.__class__.sell_indicator_space

    hyperopt.start()

    parallel.assert_called_once()

    out, err = capsys.readouterr()
    assert 'Best result:\n\n*    1/1: foo result Objective: 1.00000\n' in out
    assert dumper.called
    assert dumper.call_count == 1
    assert dumper2.call_count == 1
    assert hasattr(hyperopt.backtesting.strategy, "advise_sell")
    assert hasattr(hyperopt.backtesting.strategy, "advise_buy")
    assert hasattr(hyperopt, "max_open_trades")
    assert hyperopt.max_open_trades == hyperopt_conf['max_open_trades']
    assert hasattr(hyperopt, "position_stacking")


def test_simplified_interface_sell(mocker, hyperopt_conf, capsys) -> None:
    dumper = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.dump')
    dumper2 = mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt._save_result')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.file_dump_json')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.backtesting.Backtesting.load_bt_data',
                 MagicMock(return_value=(MagicMock(), None)))
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
        MagicMock(return_value=(datetime(2017, 12, 10), datetime(2017, 12, 13)))
    )

    parallel = mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.Hyperopt.run_optimizer_parallel',
        MagicMock(return_value=[{
            'loss': 1, 'results_explanation': 'foo result', 'params': {},
            'results_metrics':
            {
                'trade_count': 1,
                'avg_profit': 0.1,
                'total_profit': 0.001,
                'profit': 1.0,
                'duration': 20.0
            }
        }])
    )
    patch_exchange(mocker)

    hyperopt_conf.update({'spaces': 'sell', })

    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.ohlcvdata_to_dataframe = MagicMock()
    hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table = MagicMock(return_value={})

    # TODO: buy_strategy_generator() is actually not called because
    # run_optimizer_parallel() is mocked
    del hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.__class__.buy_strategy_generator
    del hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.__class__.indicator_space

    hyperopt.start()

    parallel.assert_called_once()

    out, err = capsys.readouterr()
    assert 'Best result:\n\n*    1/1: foo result Objective: 1.00000\n' in out
    assert dumper.called
    assert dumper.call_count == 1
    assert dumper2.call_count == 1
    assert hasattr(hyperopt.backtesting.strategy, "advise_sell")
    assert hasattr(hyperopt.backtesting.strategy, "advise_buy")
    assert hasattr(hyperopt, "max_open_trades")
    assert hyperopt.max_open_trades == hyperopt_conf['max_open_trades']
    assert hasattr(hyperopt, "position_stacking")


@pytest.mark.parametrize("method,space", [
    ('buy_strategy_generator', 'buy'),
    ('indicator_space', 'buy'),
    ('sell_strategy_generator', 'sell'),
    ('sell_indicator_space', 'sell'),
])
def test_simplified_interface_failed(mocker, hyperopt_conf, method, space) -> None:
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.dump', MagicMock())
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.file_dump_json')
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.optimize.backtesting.Backtesting.load_bt_data',
                 MagicMock(return_value=(MagicMock(), None)))
    mocker.patch(
        'freqtrade.optimize.hyperopt.get_timerange',
        MagicMock(return_value=(datetime(2017, 12, 10), datetime(2017, 12, 13)))
    )

    patch_exchange(mocker)

    hyperopt_conf.update({'spaces': space})

    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.ohlcvdata_to_dataframe = MagicMock()
    hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.generate_roi_table = MagicMock(return_value={})

    delattr(hyperopt.custom_hyperopt.__class__, method)

    with pytest.raises(OperationalException, match=f"The '{space}' space is included into *"):
        hyperopt.start()


def test_print_epoch_details(capsys):
    test_result = {
        'params_details': {
            'trailing': {
                'trailing_stop': True,
                'trailing_stop_positive': 0.02,
                'trailing_stop_positive_offset': 0.04,
                'trailing_only_offset_is_reached': True
            },
            'roi': {
                0: 0.18,
                90: 0.14,
                225: 0.05,
                430: 0},
        },
        'results_explanation': 'foo result',
        'is_initial_point': False,
        'total_profit': 0,
        'current_epoch': 2,  # This starts from 1 (in a human-friendly manner)
        'is_best': True
    }

    HyperoptTools.print_epoch_details(test_result, 5, False, no_header=True)
    captured = capsys.readouterr()
    assert '# Trailing stop:' in captured.out
    # re.match(r"Pairs for .*", captured.out)
    assert re.search(r'^\s+trailing_stop = True$', captured.out, re.MULTILINE)
    assert re.search(r'^\s+trailing_stop_positive = 0.02$', captured.out, re.MULTILINE)
    assert re.search(r'^\s+trailing_stop_positive_offset = 0.04$', captured.out, re.MULTILINE)
    assert re.search(r'^\s+trailing_only_offset_is_reached = True$', captured.out, re.MULTILINE)

    assert '# ROI table:' in captured.out
    assert re.search(r'^\s+minimal_roi = \{$', captured.out, re.MULTILINE)
    assert re.search(r'^\s+\"90\"\:\s0.14,\s*$', captured.out, re.MULTILINE)


def test_in_strategy_auto_hyperopt(mocker, hyperopt_conf, tmpdir, fee) -> None:
    patch_exchange(mocker)
    mocker.patch('freqtrade.exchange.Exchange.get_fee', fee)
    (Path(tmpdir) / 'hyperopt_results').mkdir(parents=True)
    # No hyperopt needed
    del hyperopt_conf['hyperopt']
    hyperopt_conf.update({
        'strategy': 'HyperoptableStrategy',
        'user_data_dir': Path(tmpdir),
    })
    hyperopt = Hyperopt(hyperopt_conf)
    assert isinstance(hyperopt.custom_hyperopt, HyperOptAuto)
    assert isinstance(hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.buy_rsi, IntParameter)

    assert hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.buy_rsi.in_space is True
    assert hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.buy_rsi.value == 35
    buy_rsi_range = hyperopt.backtesting.strategy.buy_rsi.range
    assert isinstance(buy_rsi_range, range)
    # Range from 0 - 50 (inclusive)
    assert len(list(buy_rsi_range)) == 51

    hyperopt.start()


def test_SKDecimal():
    space = SKDecimal(1, 2, decimals=2)
    assert 1.5 in space
    assert 2.5 not in space
    assert space.low == 100
    assert space.high == 200

    assert space.inverse_transform([200]) == [2.0]
    assert space.inverse_transform([100]) == [1.0]
    assert space.inverse_transform([150, 160]) == [1.5, 1.6]

    assert space.transform([1.5]) == [150]
    assert space.transform([2.0]) == [200]
    assert space.transform([1.0]) == [100]
    assert space.transform([1.5, 1.6]) == [150, 160]


def test___pprint():
    params = {'buy_std': 1.2, 'buy_rsi': 31, 'buy_enable': True, 'buy_what': 'asdf'}
    non_params = {'buy_notoptimied': 55}

    x = HyperoptTools._pprint(params, non_params)
    assert x == """{
    "buy_std": 1.2,
    "buy_rsi": 31,
    "buy_enable": True,
    "buy_what": "asdf",
    "buy_notoptimied": 55,  # value loaded from strategy
}"""